as solutions or suspensions which
elimination rapidly observed with ends in
poor drug bioavailability. In the case of
highly viscous dosage form, such as
ointments give blurred vision and patient
compliance (Al-Kassas et al., 2009; Dash
et al., 2010; Jain et al., 2008; Makwana et
al., 2015).
So, an ideal dosage form with
convenience and safety for ocular therapy
is needed. Especially for an eye infection
treatment which needs to care
immediately and the precorneal residence
time of drugs. For this purpose, designing
ophthalmic preparation containing
antibiotic should optimize the absorption
of the drug and minimize drug loss before
penetration the cornea (Rathor, 2010).
Recently, various approaches have been
reported to delay drug elimination from
the conjunctival sac (Kurniawansyah et
al., 2018). One of these reports using the
hydrogel system based on the concept of
in situ gel formation. The system with
polymers contains shown ability of sol–
to–gel phase transitions due to a specific
physicochemical parameter alteration
(ionic strengths, pH, or temperature) in the
circumstances (Kurniawansyah et al.,
2018). The gelation was affected by pH
shifting such as cellulose phthalate
derivative (Makwana et al., 2015), or by
existence cations such as deacetylated
gellan gum (Zhu L et al., 2015) and
alginate derivate (Al-Kassas et al., 2009;
Sharma et al., 2014; Makwana et al.,
2015), or by temperature alteration such as
poloxamer (Varshosaz et al., 2008; Jain et
al., 2008) and (hydroxyl propyl or ethyl or
methyl) cellulose derivative (Vigani et al.,
2019; Al-Kassas RS et al., 2009; Dash et
al., 2010; Jain et al., 2008; Makwana et al.,
2015). From all those gelation factors,
only thermosensitive which has suitable
for the nasolacrimal condition. Therefore,
in gel form, the polymers were lowering
the drying nasolacrimal and have
mucoadhesive properties (Kurniawansyah
et al., 2019). Besides those, the
application within situ gel was user-
friendly, practically easy to prepare,
improving therapy efficiency and patient
comfort.
In this present work, the preparation
and evaluation of in situ gel Ciprofloxacin
hydrochloride (CFH) dosage form were
conducted. This antibiotic under
fluoroquinolone groups commonly used
because it has a broad-spectrum
antimicrobial activity(Makwana et al.,
2015). Effectively proven for ocular
infection, such as conjunctivitis and
keratoconjunctivitis (Dash et al., 2010). It
is highly active for Gram-negative aerobic
bacteria including Enterobacteriaceae,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus,
and Neisseriaei also effective against
many Gram-positive aerobic pathogens
including penicillinase-producing and
methicillin-resistant Staphylococci
(Makwana et al., 2015). The activity
related with inhibiting the DNA girase
(topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV
synthesis of the microorganism
(Varshosaz et al., 2008). The efficacy of
the marketed conventional eye drop in
0.3% solution was restricted by poor
bioavailability (Al-Kassas et al., 2009).
Then to overcome the problem of the
ophthalmic bioavailability of CFH, a
polymer with low sensitivity to
temperature alternation may select. So, the
study of the combination of Hydroxy
Propyl Cellulose (HPC) and Hydroxy
Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) as
known weak gelling agents at lower