Evaluasi Kuantitatif dan Total Biaya Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Periode Sebelum dan Selama Pandemi COVID-19 di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung
Abstract
Pandemi COVID-19 menuntut pengendalian pengunaan antibiotik yang lebih ketat. Temuan di beberapa negara menunjukkan adanya peningkatan terapi antibiotik empirik untuk mengatasi koinfeksi bakterial pasien COVID-19 yang dapat mendorong semakin tingginya tingkat resistensi dan biaya penggunaan. Salah satu upaya pengendalian penggunaan antibiotik adalah melakukan evaluasi kuantitas dan besaran biaya penggunaan antibiotik pada periode waktu tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan kuantitas dan biaya penggunaan antibiotik sebelum dan selama pandemi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian repeated cross sectional, dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif pada periode sebelum COVID 19 (Maret 2018-Februari 2020) dan periode selama pandemi COVID-19 (Maret 2020-Februari 2022) di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Data yang digunakan adalah antibiotik injeksi yang digunakan pasien dewasa pada bangsal rawat inap dan bangsal rawat intensif (ICU). Kuantitas penggunaan antibiotik ditampilkan dalam bentuk defined daily doses per 100 hari rawat inap (DDD/100) dan drugs utilization 90% (DU90%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perubahan nilai DDD/100 pada periode sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19 di seluruh bangsal (28,79-42,23; p-value = 0,001), bangsal rawat inap (22,27-30,22 ; p-value = 0,001), dan bangsal rawat intensif (6,52-11,91 ; p-value = 0,001). Seftriakson, levofloksasin, seftazidime, meropenem dan metronidazol adalah antibiotik yang selalu masuk pada kategori DU90% di setiap periode dan di setiap bangsal. Biaya penggunaan antibiotik mengalami peningkatan selama masa pandemi (Rp. 6.058.750.700 - Rp. 9.117.439.600). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan penggunaan dan total biaya antibiotik saat pandemi COVID-19. Antibiotik yang paling banyak digunakan adalah antibiotik dengan spektrum luas.
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