MODEL TERINTEGRASI KAPASITAS DESTINASI WISATA UNTUK BISNIS GOVERNANCE PARIWISATA MENGGUNAKAN FORMULA LITTLE’S LAW

Anang Muftiadi, Ulyses Sitompul

Abstrak


Rebuilding tourism business governance due to the Covid19 pandemic can be started by analyzing the constraints of tourist destinations capacity, including for Indonesia's priority tourist destinations, such as Makassar Raya and its surroundings. This study aims to analyze the capacity of tourist destinations, especially foreign tourists as a source of national foreign exchange. This research approach integrates the carrying capacity of tourism with the quantitative method of Little's Law of operations management. This method measures the flow of tourists within the capacity of tourist destinations, which consists of attractions, amenities and accessibility from the initial arrival of foreign tourists at the airport until they return to their countries.The results of this study indicate that from various aspects of attractions, amenities and accessibility to the capacity of tourist destinations in Makassar Raya and its surroundings, there are bottlenecks at the favorite tourist locations, check-in counters in airports, restaurants & cafes on the weekends. Therefore, in order to increase the capacity of foreign tourist visits, additional capacity is needed for the three kinds of bottleneck.

Membangun kembali tata kelola bisnis pariwisata akibat pandemi Covid19 dapat dimulai dengan menganalisis hambatan kapasitas destinasi wisata, termasuk untuk destinasi wisata prioritas Indonesia, seperti Makassar Raya dan sekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kapasitas destinasi wisata, khususnya terhadap turis mancanegara sebagai sumber devisa. Pendekatan penelitian ini mengintegrasikan daya dukung pariwisata dengan metode kuantitatif Aliran Little’s Law dalam lingkup manajemen operasi. Metode ini mengukur kelancaran aliran wisatawan dalam daya tampung kapasitas destinasi wisata, yang terdiri dari atraksi, amenitas dan aksesbilitas dari awal kedatangan wisatawan mancanegara di bandara hingga mereka kembali ke negaranya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari berbagai aspek atraksi, amenitas dan aksesbilitas pada kapasitas destinasi wisata di Makassar Raya dan sekitarnya,  terjadi bottleneck pada kapasitas pada lokasi wisata favorit,  bandara, restoran & kafe di akhir pekan. Karena itu untuk meningkatkan kapasitas kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara, maka pada ketiga bottleneck tersebut perlu adanya penambahan kapasitas.


Kata Kunci


Kapasitas pariwisata; Prinsip Little’s Law; Model terintegrasi; Bottleneck; Business Governance

Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi


Abernethy, V. D. (2001) Carrying capacity: The tradition and policy implications of limits. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics ESEP, 23, 9-18 https://doi.org/10.3354/esep001009

Aliyeva, Z. (2020) Assessment of recreation carrying capacity of Ile-Alatau National park in Kazakhstan. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, 29(2), 460–471. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.29207-482

Alvarez-Sousa, A., & Prados, J. L. P. (2020) Visitor management in world heritage destinations before and after covid-19, angkor. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(23), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239929

Arbulú, I., Razumova, M., Rey-Maquieira, J., & Sastre, F. (2021) Can domestic tourism relieve the COVID-19 tourist industry crisis? The case of Spain. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 20, 100568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100568

ASEAN (2015), ASEAN Strategic Tourism Plan 2016-2025, The ASEAN Secretariat Tourism Unit – Infrastructure Division 70A Jalan Sisingamangaraja Jakarta 12110 Indonesia.

Bartis, H., Hufkie, B., & Moraladi, M. (2021) The Economic Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Business Events Sub-sector in South Africa: Mitigation Strategies and Innovations. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 10(1), 102–114. https://doi.org/10.46222/AJHTL.19770720-89

Bondarenko, K. (2020) The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Remittance Recipient Countries. International Organisations Research Journal, 15(3), 109–128. https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2020-03-04

Buckley, R. (1999) An ecological perspective on carrying capacity. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(3), 705-708.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00011-0

Butler, R.W. (1996) The Concept of Carrying Capacity for Tourism Destinations: Dead or Merely Buried? Progress in Tourism and Hospitality Research Vol. 2.283-293, Ontario, Canada. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1603(199609)2:3/4<283::AID-PTH73>3.3.CO;2-E

Butler, R. V. (1997). The Concept of Carrying Capacity for Tourism Destinations: Dead or Merely Buried? In C. Cooper and S. Wanhill (Eds.) Tourism Development: Environmental and Community Issues, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

Clements, Mike (1998) Planning to Tourism Capacity in a Crisis, Journal of Travel Research, Vol 37, August, Sage Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759803700107

Cooper, C., Fletcher, J., Gilbert, D., Shepherd, R., & Wanhill, S. (1998) Tourism principles and practice (2nd ed). Harlow: Longman

Eccles, Robert G., Johnstone-Louis, Mary., Mayer, Collin., and Stroehle, Judith C., (2020) The Board's Role in Sustainability, Harvard Business Review, September-October.

Fernando, Simiona, Fernando Garriglos, Narangajavanab, Yeamduan, Marquesa, Daniel Palacios. (2004) Carrying capacity in the tourism industry: a case study of Hengistbury Head, Tourism Management 25 (2004) 275-283, Pergamon https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00089-X

Henderson, Joan. (2008) Tourism Destination Development: The Case of Malaysia, Tourism Recreation Research Vo.33(1): 49-57 https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2008.11081289

Henderson, Joan. (2009) Transport and tourism destination development: An Indonesian perspective, Tourism and Hospitality Research Vol. 9, 3, 199-208 Henderson (2009), https://doi.org/10.1057/thr.2009.1

Ioannou, Ioannis, and Serafeim, George. (2019) Yes, Sustainability Can Be a Strategy, Harvard Business Review, February 11.

Kaplan, Robert S., and McMillan, David. (2021) Reimagining the Balanced Scorecard for the ESG Era, Harvard Business Review. 03 February, Reprint H0609P.

Lindberg, Kreg., and McCool, Stephen F., (1998), A Critique of environmental carrying capacity as a means of managing the effects of tourism development: comment, Environmental Conservation, Foundation for Fundamental Conservation. 25 (4); pp:291-292.

Liu, Z. (2003). Sustainable tourism development: a critique. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol. 11, pp. 459-475.

López-Bonilla, Jesús Manuel and López-Bonilla, Luis Miguel (2007), Measuring Social Carrying Capacity: An Exploratory Study, Tourismos: an International Multidisciplinary Journal of Tourism; Volume 3, Number 1, Spring 2008, pp. 116-134).

Mac Mahon, Simon. (2020) The Challenge of Rating ESG Performance, Harvard Business Review, September-October.

Manning, R., Wang, B., Valliere, W., Lawson, S. & Newman, P. (2002). Research to estimate and manage carrying capacity of a tourist attraction: a study of Alcatraz Island. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol. 10, pp. 388-404.

Massiani, Jérôme, and Santoro, Giovanni., (2012), The relevance of the concept of capacity for the management of tourist destination: Theory and application to tourism management in Venice, Rivista Italiana di Economia Demografia e Statistica Volume LXVI n. 2 Aprile-Giugno (141-156)

Mexa, A. & Coccossis, H. (2004). Tourism carrying capacity: a theoretical overview. In H. Coccossis and A. Mexa (Eds.) The Challenge of Tourism Carrying Capacity Assessment. Hants (England): Ashgate.

McCool, Stephen F, and Lime, David M. (2001) Tourism Carrying Capacity: Tempting Fantasy or Useful Reality? Journal of Sustainable Tourism Vol. 9, No. 5, (373-388) https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580108667409

Narayan, S., Narayan, P. K., & Tobing, L. (2021) Has tourism influenced Indonesia’s current account? Economic Analysis and Policy, 69, 225–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2020.12.009

Potter, A., Towill, D. R., & Gosling, J. (2020) On the versatility of Little’s Law in operations management: a review and classification using vignettes. Production Planning and Control, 31(6), 437–452. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2019.1647363

Sakamoto, N. (2019) Examination of the congestion situation of a restaurant in a theme park using feedback control. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 10(1), 73–89. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-11-2017-0128

Saveriades, A. (2000) Establishing the social tourism carrying capacity for the tourist resorts of the east coast of the Republic of Cyprus. Tourism Management, 21, 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00044-8

Schroeder, Roger G (2018) Operations Management: Contemporary Concepts and Cases, Seventh Edition, McGraw Hill International Edition.

Sharma, V. R. (2018) Carrying capacity assessment and sustainable tourism management in Agra City, Uttar Pradesh (India). Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, 25(2), 399–407. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.25211-369.

Srivastava, Neha (2017) Measurement of carrying capacity of tourist destinations: a case analysis. International Journal of Tourism and Travel, Volume 10 Issue 1 pp- 39-46.

Swarbrooke, J. (2002) Sustainable Tourism Management. Oxon: CABI Publishing

Taj, S., & Mousavidin, E. (2015) Using discrete event visual simulation to teach process modelling in MBA operations management courses. International Journal of Simulation and Process Modelling, 10(1), 45–64. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSPM.2015.068519

Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, C., Yu, Y., Hu, Q., & Duan, X. (2021) Assessing tourism environmental psychological carrying capacity under different environmental situations. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(2), 132–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2020.1842773

Yassin, J., Aralas, S., & Basa, D. E. K. (2021) Tourism density effect on environmental performance index: Evidence in asean countries. Applied Environmental Research, 43(1), 90–101. https://doi.org/10.35762/AER.2021.43.1.7




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/adbispreneur.v8i1.37458

Refbacks

  • Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.