Identifikasi Senyawa Bioaktif dan Kapasitas Antibakteri Kombinasi Zingiber officinale, Cymbopogon citratus, dan Phyllanthus reticulatus

Elizabeth Betty Elok Kristiani; Sri Kasmiyati

doi:10.24198/ijpst.v13i2.62268

Identifikasi Senyawa Bioaktif dan Kapasitas Antibakteri Kombinasi Zingiber officinale, Cymbopogon citratus, dan Phyllanthus reticulatus

Elizabeth Betty Elok Kristiani, Sri Kasmiyati

Abstrak

Kandungan berbagai senyawa dalam tumbuhan dapat bersifat sinergis atau antagonis dalam memberikan efek antibakteri. Studi ini mengevaluasi aktivitas antibakteri Zingiber officinale, Cymbopogon citratus, dan Phyllanthus reticulatus (ZCP) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus, serta pola senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid yang terkait dengan aktivitas tersebut. Ekstrak disiapkan melalui maserasi menggunakan etanol 96% dan disusun menggunakan pendekatan Design of Experiment. Aktivitas antibakteri diukur menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer, sementara kadar senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid diukur menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT). Semua komposisi ZCP menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri sedang berdasarkan diameter zona penghambatan. Beberapa komposisi, termasuk ekstrak tunggal Zingiber officinale, Cymbopogon citratus, dan Phyllanthus reticulatus, serta ZCP 1:1:0 dan ZCP 4:1:1, menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap E. coli yang secara statistik sebanding dengan tetracycline, sedangkan terhadap S. aureus, semua komposisi menunjukkan aktivitas yang lebih rendah. Aktivitas yang lebih tinggi terkait dengan pola spesifik senyawa fenolik flavonoid asam galat, rutin, katekin, dan naringenin. Studi lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan formulasi dan mengeksplorasi lebih lanjut interaksi senyawa bioaktif guna mengembangkan fitofarmaka yang lebih efektif.

Kata Kunci

Antibakteri; Cymbopogon citratus; fenolik; flavonoid; Phyllanthus reticulatus; Zingiber officinale

Teks Lengkap:

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Referensi

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/ijpst.v13i2.62268