Potensi Antioksidan dan Antikanker dari Jamur Endofit Akar Kalanchoe marmorata dan Kalanchoe millotii

Rabiha Zahra; Rahma Sufiyanti; Yenny Febriani Yuni; Sari Purbaya; Lilis Siti Aisyah; Dewi Meliati Agustini

doi:10.24198/ijpst.v13i2.65927

Potensi Antioksidan dan Antikanker dari Jamur Endofit Akar Kalanchoe marmorata dan Kalanchoe millotii

Rabiha Zahra, Rahma Sufiyanti, Yenny Febriani Yuni, Sari Purbaya, Lilis Siti Aisyah, Dewi Meliati Agustini

Abstrak

Kalanchoe, yang umum dikenal sebagai cocor bebek, merupakan tanaman obat penghasil senyawa bioaktif dengan potensi sebagai antioksidan dan antikanker. Selain tanaman inangnya, jamur endofit yang hidup secara simbiotik dalam jaringan tanaman diketahui mampu menghasilkan metabolit sekunder dengan aktivitas biologis, termasuk senyawa sitotoksik yang berpotensi menghambat proliferasi dan menginduksi kematian sel kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi jamur endofit dari akar K. marmorata dan K. millotii, serta mengevaluasi aktivitas antioksidan dan antikanker. Ekstrak jamur endofit diperoleh melalui proses fermentasi dan maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Aktivitas antioksidan dianalisis dengan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil), sedangkan aktivitas antikanker dianalisis dengan metode reduksi resazurin pada lini sel B16-F10. Hasil uji menunjukkan nilai IC₅₀ sebesar 150,2 ppm untuk jamur endofit Fusarium sp. dan 148,8 ppm untuk F. oxysporum dalam uji antioksidan. Sementara pada uji antikanker, Fusarium sp. menghasilkan nilai IC₅₀ 45,38 μg/mL, sedangkan F. oxysporum memperlihatkan IC₅₀ >1000 μg/mL. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa Fusarium sp. berpotensi sebagai antioksidan dan memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik yang kuat terhadap lini sel B16-F10, sementara F. oxysporum berpotensi sebagai antioksidan, namun tidak efektif sebagai antikanker.

Kata Kunci

Antikanker; Antioksidan; Jamur Endofit; Kalanchoe marmorata; Kalanchoe millotii

Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi

Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J, Nowak P, Wachowicz B, Piechocka J, Głowacki R, Moniuszko-Szajwaj B, et al. Antioxidant efficacy of Kalanchoe daigremontiana bufadienolide-rich fraction in blood plasma in vitro. Pharm Biol. 2016 Dec 1;54(12):3182–8. doi:10.1080/13880209.2016.1214740 PubMed PMID: 27488985.

Fernandes JM, Cunha LM, Azevedo EP, Lourenço EMG, Fernandes-Pedrosa MF, Zucolotto SM. Kalanchoe laciniata and Bryophyllum pinnatum: an updated review about ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. Elsevier Editora Ltda; 2019. p. 529–58. doi:10.1016/j.bjp.2019.01.012

Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J, Stochmal A. Bufadienolides of Kalanchoe species: an overview of chemical structure, biological activity and prospects for pharmacological use. Phytochemistry Reviews. 2017 Dec 2;16(6):1155–71. doi:10.1007/s11101-017-9525-1

Nascimento LB dos S, Casanova LM, Costa SS. Bioactive Compounds from Kalanchoe Genus Potentially Useful for the Development of New Drugs. 2023 Feb 26;13(3):646. doi:10.3390/life13030646

Qaderi MM, Martel AB, Strugnell CA. Environmental Factors Regulate Plant Secondary Metabolites. Plants. 2023 Jan 18;12(3):447. doi:10.3390/plants12030447

Hasiani VV, Ahmad I, Rijai L. Isolasi Jamur Endofit dan Produksi Metabolit Sekunder Antioksidan dari Daun Pacar (Lawsonia inermis L.). Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan. 2015 Dec 31;1(4):146–53. doi:10.25026/jsk.v1i4.32

Gouda S, Das G, Sen SK, Shin HS, Patra JK. Endophytes: A Treasure House of Bioactive Compounds of Medicinal Importance. Front Microbiol. 2016 Sep 29;7. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01538

Pang Z, Chen J, Wang T, Gao C, Li Z, Guo L, et al. Linking Plant Secondary Metabolites and Plant Microbiomes: A Review. Front Plant Sci. 2021 Mar 2;12. doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.621276

Gupta A, Meshram V, Gupta M, Goyal S, Qureshi KA, Jaremko M, et al. Fungal Endophytes: Microfactories of Novel Bioactive Compounds with Therapeutic Interventions; A Comprehensive Review on the Biotechnological Developments in the Field of Fungal Endophytic Biology over the Last Decade. Biomolecules. 2023 Jun 25;13(7):1038. doi:10.3390/biom13071038

Bungtongdee N, Sopalun K, Laosripaiboon W, Iamtham S. The chemical composition, antifungal, antioxidant and antimutagenicity properties of bioactive compounds from fungal endophytes associated with Thai orchids. Journal of Phytopathology. 2019 Jan 18;167(1):56–64. doi:10.1111/jph.12773

Khan N, Afroz F, Begum MstN, Roy Rony S, Sharmin S, Moni F, et al. Endophytic Fusarium solani: A rich source of cytotoxic and antimicrobial napthaquinone and aza-anthraquinone derivatives. Toxicol Rep. 2018;5:970–6. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.08.016

Hawas U, Al-Farawati R, Abou El-Kassem L, Turki A. Different Culture Metabolites of the Red Sea Fungus Fusarium equiseti Optimize the Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease (HCV PR). Mar Drugs. 2016 Oct 20;14(10):190. doi:10.3390/md14100190

Moron LS, Lim YW, Dela Cruz TEE. Antimicrobial activities of crude culture extracts from mangrove fungal endophytes collected in Luzon Island, Philippines. Philippine Science Letters. 2018.

Ateba JET, Toghueo RMK, Awantu AF, Mba’ning BM, Gohlke S, Sahal D, et al. Antiplasmodial Properties and Cytotoxicity of Endophytic Fungi from Symphonia globulifera (Clusiaceae). Journal of Fungi. 2018 Jun 12;4(2):70. doi:10.3390/jof4020070

Amuzu P, Pan X, Hou X, Sun J, Jakada MA, Odigie E, et al. Recent Updates on the Secondary Metabolites from Fusarium Fungi and Their Biological Activities (Covering 2019 to 2024). Journal of Fungi. 2024 Nov 9;10(11):778. doi:10.3390/jof10110778

Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024 May 4;74(3):229–63. doi:10.3322/caac.21834

Hikmah F, Hardiany NS, Kunci K. Peran Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Dalam Sel Punca Kanker The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Cancer Stem Cells. JURNAL KEDOKTERAN YARSI. 2021;29(3):120–34.

Berawi KN, Agverianti T. Efek Aktivitas Fisik pada Proses Pembentukan Radikal Bebas sebagai Faktor Risiko Aterosklerosis. Jurnal Majority [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2024 Dec 8];6(2):86–91. Available from: http://juke.kedokteran.unila.ac.id/index.php/majority/article/view/1019

Yohannes. R, Al Rivan. M E. Klasifikasi Jenis Kanker Kulit Menggunakan CNN-SVM. Jurnal Algoritme. 2022 Apr 2;2:133–44. doi:DOI:https://doi.org/10.35957/algoritme.v2i2.2363

Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Ross SA. Integracides F and G: New tetracyclic triterpenoids from the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. Phytochem Lett. 2016 Mar;15:125–30. doi:10.1016/j.phytol.2015.12.010

Aisyiyah IN, Rahmawati H, Agustini DM, Purbaya S, Aisyah LS, Yun YF. ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF THE ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS Penicillium Citrinum FROM Kalanchoe Millotii STEM THROUGH SECONDARY METABOLITES. al-Kimiya. 2023 Dec 31;10(2):123–32. doi:10.15575/ak.v10i2.30323

Kjer J, Debbab A, Aly AH, Proksch P. Methods for isolation of marine-derived endophytic fungi and their bioactive secondary products. Nat Protoc. 2010 Mar;5(3):479–90. doi:10.1038/nprot.2009.233 PubMed PMID: 20203665.

Kim SH, Huh CK. Comparison of physicochemical properties by different parts of Rhus verniciflua and food properties of Rhus verniciflua seed. Korean Journal of Food Preservation. 2022 Oct;29(6):873–83. doi:10.11002/kjfp.2022.29.6.873

Batubara R, Nurminah M, Hanum T, Surjanto S. Potency of Gaharu Leaves that Grows Naturally and Cultivately as Raw Material of Antioxidant-Rich Tea. In. EAI; 2019. doi:10.4108/eai.1-4-2019.2287276

Rumagit HM, Runtuwene MRJ, Sudewi S. Uji Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Dari Ekstrak Etanol Spons ETANOL SPONS Lamellodysidea herbacea. Jurnal Ilmiah Pharmacon. 2015 Aug 3;3(4):183–91.

Maningkas PF, Pandiangan D, Kandou FEF. Uji Antikanker dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol Daun Pasote (Dysphania ambrosioides L.). J Bios Logos. 2019 Sep 3;9(2):102. doi:10.35799/jbl.9.2.2019.24556

Hu Z, Chen Y, Wang X, Deng Y, Wang X, Li S, et al. Accumulation of Fatty Acylated Fusarium Toxin 2-Amino-14,16-dimethyloctadecan-3-ol, a Class of Novel 1-Deoxysphingolipid Analogues, during Food Storage. J Agric Food Chem. 2022 Apr 27;70(16):5151–8. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08065

Fischle A, Lutsch M, Hübner F, Schäker-Hübner L, Schürmann L, Hansen FK, et al. Micro-scale screening of genetically modified Fusarium fujikuroi strain extends the apicidin family. Nat Prod Bioprospect. 2024 Dec 23;14(1):51. doi:10.1007/s13659-024-00473-9

Cao Y, Kuang Q, Ju F, Deng Y, Deng F, Gu Y, et al. Four New 2-Pyrones from Fusarium tricinctum , an Endophytic Fungus of Ligusticum chuanxiong. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry. 2020;40(12):4328. doi:10.6023/cjoc202006034

Fu Y, Wu P, Xue J, Zhang M, Wei X. Cosmosporasides F–H, three new sugar alcohol conjugated acyclic sesquiterpenes from a Fusarium oxysporum fungus. Nat Prod Res. 2020 Dec 30;1–9. doi:10.1080/14786419.2020.1864366

Lu X, Li Y, Qin H, Tang C, Zhang Y, Tang X, et al. Quinones from endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. HJT-P-5 of Rhodiola angusta Nakai. Phytochem Lett. 2020 Oct;39:162–7. doi:10.1016/j.phytol.2020.08.008

Khayat MT, Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA, Abdallah HM. Anti-inflammatory metabolites from endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. Phytochem Lett. 2019 Feb;29:104–9. doi:10.1016/j.phytol.2018.11.024

Yue JY, Wang R, Xu T, Wang JT, Yu Y, Cai BX. Novel phenolic metabolites isolated from plant endophytic fungus Fusarium guttiforme. Nat Prod Res. 2024 Jan 17;38(2):336–40. doi:10.1080/14786419.2022.2116579

Miller G, R. Beckwith, C. Fellbaum, D. Gross, K. Miller. WordNet: An On-Line Lexical Database. International Journal of Lexicography. 1990.

Fajrina A, Bakhtra DDA, Mawarni AE. Isolasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Etil Asetat Jamur Endofit dari Daun Matoa (Pometia pinnata). Jurnal Farmasi Higea. 2020;12(1):81–9.

Maithani D, Sharma A, Gangola S, Chaudhary P, Bhatt P. Insights into applications and strategies for discovery of microbial bioactive metabolites. Microbiol Res. 2022 Aug;261:127053. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2022.127053

Klaunig JE. Oxidative Stress and Cancer. Curr Pharm Des. 2019 Mar 15;24(40):4771–8. doi:10.2174/1381612825666190215121712

Pisoschi AM, Pop A. The role of antioxidants in the chemistry of oxidative stress: A review. Eur J Med Chem. 2015 Jun;97:55–74. doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.040

Apak R, Özyürek M, Güçlü K, Çapanoğlu E. Antioxidant Activity/Capacity Measurement. 1. Classification, Physicochemical Principles, Mechanisms, and Electron Transfer (ET)-Based Assays. J Agric Food Chem. 2016 Feb 10;64(5):997–1027. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04739

Hamad HT. The anti-cancer effectiveness of some heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur atom. Results Chem. 2025 May;15:102182. doi:10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102182

Potez M, Trappetti V, Bouchet A, Fernandez-Palomo C, Güç E, Kilarski WW, et al. Characterization of a B16-F10 melanoma model locally implanted into the ear pinnae of C57BL/6 mice. PLoS One. 2018 Nov 5;13(11):e0206693. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206693

Kamiloglu S, Sari G, Ozdal T, Capanoglu E. Guidelines for cell viability assays. Food Front. 2020 Sep 16;1(3):332–49. doi:10.1002/fft2.44

Romani AMP. Cisplatin in cancer treatment. Biochem Pharmacol. 2022 Dec;206:115323. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115323

Dasari S, Tchounwou PB. Cisplatin in cancer therapy: molecular mechanisms of action. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014 Oct 5;740:364–78. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.025 PubMed PMID: 25058905.

Aldossary SA. Review on Pharmacology of Cisplatin: Clinical Use, Toxicity and Mechanism of Resistance of Cisplatin. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal. 2019 Mar 28;12(1):07–15. doi:10.13005/bpj/1608

Galvao J, Davis B, Tilley M, Normando E, Duchen MR, Cordeiro MF. Unexpected low‐dose toxicity of the universal solvent DMSO. The FASEB Journal. 2014 Mar 10;28(3):1317–30. doi:10.1096/fj.13-235440

Toghueo RMK. Bioprospecting endophytic fungi from Fusarium genus as sources of bioactive metabolites. Mycology. 2020 Jan 2;11(1):1–21. doi:10.1080/21501203.2019.1645053

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/ijpst.v13i2.65927