.png)
Email this article Antibacterial effects of tomato ethanol extract (Solanum lycopersicum L.) against S. mutans and P. gingivalis: a laboratory experiment
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Process of dental plaque formation consists of three stages, pellicle formation, initial colonization facultative gram-positive one of microbes is S. mutans, secondary colonization and microbial maturation by Porphyromonas intermedia, P. gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum. Formation of dental biofilm is considered to be main etiology of chronic periodontitis. Bacteria that often involved in chronic periodontitis are P. gingivalis. Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) content lycopene compounds, flavonoids, and saponins have been shown to inhibit or kill bacterial growth. The aim is to analyze the antibacterial effect of servo tomato ethanol extract against S. mutans and P. gingivalis. Methods: This research was a laboratory experimental one with a posttest only control group design where observed variable diameter of the inhibition zone was produced from ethanolic extract of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in various concentrations of 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100% chlorhexidine 0.2% as a positive control, negative control of distilled water against S. mutans and P. gingivalis on blood agar media. The method used in this study was the well-diffusion test. Results: The highest inhibitory zone at 100% concentration with a diameter of 32.10 mm was very strong; lowest inhibition at 3.123% was 3.95 mm, weak classification and against P. gingivalis at 3.125%, it was 3.72 mm, weak classification, meanwhile at 100% concentration, it was 9.67 mm, medium classification. The results of the One Way ANOVA statistical test showed a p<0.05 which had a significant effect in inhibiting the growth of S. mutans and P. gingivalis. Conclusions: There was an antibacterial effect of the ethanolic extract of tomato against S.mutans produced a larger diameter and stronger inhibition zone meanwhile against P.gingivalis produce medium inhibition zone. The content of tomatoes such as lycopene compounds, flavonoids, and saponins have been shown to inhibit or kill bacterial growth.
Keyword : tomato ethanol extract (Solanum lycopersicum L.), S. mutans, P. gingivalis, antibacterial
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Antonia B & Tania R. Your Health is in Your Mouth: A Comprehensive View to Promote General Wellness. Front Oral Health. 2022. DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.971223.
Adrian U. Oral Health Equals Total Health: A Brief Review. J of Dent Indonesia. 2017. Vol 24 No 2; 59-62. DOI:10.14693/jdi.v24i2.1122.
Nazir MA. Prevalence of periodontal disease, its association with systemic diseases and prevention. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2017 Apr-Jun;11(2):72-80.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Laporan Nasional Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018 FINAL.pdf. Presented at: 2018. Available at: http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf
Nazir M, Al-Ansari A, Al-Khalifa K, Alhareky M, Gaffar B, Almas K. Global Prevalence of Periodontal Disease and Lack of Its Surveillance. Sci World J. 2020;2020(1):1-8. DOI:10.1155/2020/2146160.
Newman THH. Klokkevold PR.MG. Newman and Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology Thirteenth Edition. J Chem Inf Model. 2017. 11th Ed. 53(9):1689-1699.
Reddy S. Essentials of Clinical Periodontology and Periodontics. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd; 2017. 5th Ed. New Delhi, India. The Health Sciences Publisher. p43-48. DOI:10.5005/jp/books/18042
Smitha C, Usha R, Rajesh R et al. Insight into Oral Biofilm: Primary, Secondary and Residual Caries and Phyto-Challenged Solutions. Open Dent J. 2017; 11: 312-333.
J Abranches, L Zeng, JK Kajfasz et al. Biology of Oral Streptococci. Microbiol Spectr. 2018 Oct; 6(5): 10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0042 2018. DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0042-2018
Cekici A, Kantarci A, Hasturk H, Van Dyke TE. Inflammatory and immune pathways in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Periodontol. 2014;64(1):57-80. DOI:10.1111/prd.12002.
Mahuli SA, Zorair AM, Jafer MA, et al. Antibiotics for periodontal infections: Biological and clinical perspectives. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2020;21(4):372-376. DOI:10.5005/JP-JOURNALS-10024-2797.
Vyas T, Bhatt G, Gaur A, Sharma C, Sharma A, Nagi R. Chemical plaque control - A brief review. J Family Med Prim Care. 2021 Apr;10(4):1562-1568. DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2216_20
Ali MY, Sina AA, Khandker SS, Neesa L, Tanvir EM, Kabir A, Khalil MI, Gan SH. Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Compounds in Tomatoes and Their Impact on Human Health and Disease: A Review. Foods. 2020 Dec 26;10(1):45. DOI: 10.3390/foods10010045
Anthonia OC, Raymond OA, Moses EO et al. Morphological Evaluation of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Linn.) Cultivars. Mak J of Scien. 2017. 97-106. DOI: 10.7454/mss.v21i2.7421.
Chaudhary P, Sharma A, Singh B, Nagpal AK. Bioactivities of phytochemicals present in tomato. J Food Sci Technol. 2018 Aug;55(8):2833-2849. DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3221-z.
Collins EJ, Bowyer C, Tsouza A, Chopra M. Tomatoes: An Extensive Review of the Associated Health Impacts of Tomatoes and Factors That Can Affect Their Cultivation. Biology (Basel). 2022 Feb 4;11(2):239. DOI: 10.3390/biology11020239.
Altemimi A, Lakhssassi N, Baharlouei A, Watson DG, Lightfoot DA. Phytochemicals: Extraction, Isolation, and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Extracts. Plants (Basel). 2017 Sep 22;6(4):42. DOI: 10.3390/plants6040042.
Panche AN, Diwan AD, Chandra SR. Flavonoids: an overview. J Nutr Sci. 2016 Dec 29;5:e47. doi: 10.1017/jns.2016.41.
Pauzan P, Musparlin H, Wulan R. Effect of Ethanol Extract of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) on Staphylococcus epidermidis in Vitro. 2023. J Ilmiah Kes Sandi Husada. Vol 12 No 1. DOI: 10.35816/jiskh.v12i1.1022
Sileshi D, Dereje K, Ahmed Z, et al. Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Selected Medicinal Plants in Ethiopia. J Exp Pharmacol. 2023.15: 51-62. DOI: 10.2147/JEP.S379805.
Balouiri M, Sadiki M, Ibnsouda SK. Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review. J Pharm Anal. 2016 Apr;6(2):71-79. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.005.
M Umar, A Zubairu, HS Hamisu et al. Evaluation of Phytochemical and in Vitro Antimicrobial Effects of Solanum Lycopersicum Linn. (Tomato) on Oral Thrush and Human Cariogenic Pathogens. J of Advance in Medic and Pharma Sciences 2016. 11(4):1-9; DOI:10.9734/JAMPS/2016/31456
Leen Othman, Ahmad Sleiman & Roula M. Antimicrobial Activity of Polyphenols and Alkaloids in Middle Eastern Plants. Front Microbiol. 2019; 10;911. DOI : 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00911.
JA Lemos, SR Palmer, L Zeng et al. The Biology of S.mutans. Microbiol Spectr.2019. 7(1): 10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0051-2018. DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0051.
Eija Kononen, Mervi G, Ulvi K. Periodontitis: A Multifaceted Disease of Tooth-Supporting Tissues. J Clin Med. 2019. DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081135.
Kah Yan How, Keang Peng Song & Kok Gan Chan. P.gingivalis: An Overview of Periodontopathic Pathogen Below The Gum Line. Front Microbiol J. 2016. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00053.
Nie D, Hu Y, Chen Z, et al. Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) as a potential therapeutic target for Acinetobacter baumannii infection. J Biomed Sci. 2020;27(1):1-8. DOI:10.1186/s12929-020-0617-7.
Iyer R, Moussa SH, Durand-Réville TF, Tommasi R, Miller A. Acinetobacter baumannii OmpA Is a Selective Antibiotic Permeant Porin. ACS Infect Dis. 2018;4(3):373-381. DOI:10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00168.
Dewi ES, Hakim A, Savalas LRT. Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Likopen Buah Tomat (Lycopersicium esculentum) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus epidermidis. J Penelit dan Kaji Ilmu Kesehatan. 2018;4(2):123-127. DOI: 10.33651/jpkik.v4i2.35
Chaudhary P, Sharma A, Singh B, Nagpal AK. Bioactivities of phytochemicals present in tomato. J Food Sci Technol. 2018;55(8). DOI:10.1007/s13197-018-3221-z.
Xie Y, Yang W, Tang F, Chen X, Ren L. Antibacterial activities of flavonoids: structure-activity relationship and mechanism. Curr Med Chem. 2015;22(1):132-49. DOI: 10.2174/0929867321666140916113443.
Lee W, Lee DG. Lycopene-Induced hydroxyl radical causes oxidative DNA damage in Escherichia coli. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2014;24(9):1232-1237. DOI:10.4014/jmb.1406.06009.
Ramadhan H, Muthia R, Wahyunita S, Forestryana D,Soleha SM, Lihimi L. Comparison of Extraction Solvents Towards Anti-Propionibacterium acnes Activity of Alphitonia incana (Roxb). Teijsm & Binn. Ex Kurz Leaves. Indo J of Pharma Science and Tech Padj Univ. 2023.(1); 10-19.DOI : 10.24198/ijpst.v0i0.45897
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol35no3.50582
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License