Uji toksisitas karbon aktif dari Cocos nucifera L. terhadap jaringan gingiva tikus wistar dengan aplikasi perawatan ortodonti menggunakan MTT Assay: Studi eksperimental

Abstract

ABSTRAK 

Pendahuluan: Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) memicu inflamasi gingiva yang umumnya diatasi dengan triamcinolone acetonide 0,1% yang berisiko efek samping. Karbon aktif tempurung kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) berpotensi mengadsorpsi mediator inflamasi lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi biokompatibilitas dan viabilitas sel fibroblas gingiva pasca-aplikasi gel karbon aktif C. nucifera L. menggunakan MTT Assay. Metode: Studi eksperimental post-test only control group design menggunakan 30 ekor tikus Wistar jantan (Rattus norvegicus) yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok (n=5). Model OTM dibuat menggunakan closed coil spring (gaya 100–150 g). Kelompok perlakuan terdiri atas kontrol normal (K1), kontrol negatif OTM (K2), kontrol positif triamcinolone 0,1% (K3), serta gel karbon aktif 10% (K4), 5% (K5), dan 3,33% (K6) yang diaplikasikan hingga 30 hari. Viabilitas fibroblas gingiva diukur dengan MTT assay (λ = 570 nm) dan dianalisis menggunakan One-way ANOVA serta post-hoc Tukey (p<0,05). Hasil: Rata-rata viabilitas sel kelompok gel karbon aktif 10%, 5%, dan 3,33% berturut-turut adalah 87,4%, 89,1%, dan 91,2%. Selama masa pengamatan (hari ke-7, 14, 21, dan 30), viabilitas berkisar 76%–98% (non-toksik, >80% berdasarkan ISO 10993-5). Simpulan: Gel karbon aktif C. nucifera L. bersifat biokompatibel dan tidak toksik terhadap gingiva tikus Wistar pada model OTM.

KATA KUNCI: Karbon aktif (Cocos nucifera L.), jaringan gingiva, toksisitas, perawatan ortodonti, viabilitas sel

Toxicity test of activated carbon from Cocos nucifera L. on Wistar rat gingival tissue during orthodontic treatment using  MTT assay

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) induces gingival inflammation, typically treated with triamcinolone acetonide 0.1%; however, its use carries a risk of side effects. Activated carbon from coconut shells (Cocos nucifera L.) has the potential to adsorb local inflammatory mediators. This study aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility and gingival fibroblast cell viability following application of C. nucifera L. activated carbon gel using the MTT assay. Methods: This experimental study used a post-test-only control group design and evaluated 30 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into six groups (n=5). An OTM model was induced using a closed coil spring (100–150 g force). Groups included a normal control (K1), a negative OTM control (K2), a positive control treated with triamcinolone 0.1% (K3), and groups treated with activated carbon gels at 10% (K4), 5% (K5), and 3.33% (K6), with applications performed for up to 30 days. Gingival fibroblast viability was assessed via MTT assay (λ = 570 nm) and analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (p<0.05). Results: Mean cell viability in the 10%, 5%, and 3.33% activated carbon gel groups was 87.4%, 89.1%, and 91.2%, respectively. Viability ranged from 76%–98% across all observation periods (days 7, 14, 21, and 30), indicating non-toxicity (>80% per ISO 10993-5). Conclusion: C. nucifera L. activated carbon gel is biocompatible and does not exhibit a cytotoxic effect on the gingival tissue of Wistar rats  in an OTM model.

KEY WORDS: Activated carbon (Cocos nucifera L.), gingival tissue, toxicity, orthodontic treatment, cell viability