Transformasi Identitas: Studi Fenomenologi Penyintas Perempuan Eks-Tahanan Politik 1965 Di Surakarta
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Peristiwa 1965 di Indonesia meninggalkan luka mendalam bagi perempuan eks-tapol. Selama puluhan tahun menanggung stigma sosial, diskriminasi gender berlapis, serta marginalisasi dalam kehidupan publik dan privat akibat kebijakan represif Orde Baru. Meskipun diskursus mengenai peristiwa 1965 telah berkembang, namun penelitian yang spesifik mengeksplorasi proses transformasi identitas penyintas perempuan eks-tapol ’65 dari perspektif fenomenologis terutama dalam konteks peran organisasi advokasi Pasca-Reformasi masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan dan berfokus untuk memahami serta menginterpretasikan secara mendalam proses transformasi identitas yang dialami oleh penyintas perempuan eks tahanan politik 1965. Yayasan Sekretariat Bersama'65 atau Yayasan Sekber’65 diposisikan hanya sebagai pendukung yang menjadi ruang sosial tempat proses berlangsung. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain fenomenologi, melibatkan tiga informan yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penyintas perempuan eks-tapol '65 berhasil dalam transformasi identitas dan keberdayaan diri. Melalui keterlibatan aktif sebagai pekerja informal, aktivis kemanusiaan, partisipan kegiatan sosial, serta dalam peran pengasuhan anak. Didukung oleh pendampingan psikologis, sosial, dan ekonomi dari Yayasan Sekber '65. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dengan menghadirkan perspektif fenomenologi untuk menganalisis agenitas perempuan eks-tapol ‘65 sebagai subjek aktif yang bertransformasi, bukan sekadar korban pasif, sekaligus memetakan peran organisasi sipil dalam rekonstruksi identitas sosial penyintas. Temuan ini berimplikasi teoritis bagi kajian gender, trauma, dan rekonsiliasi sosial di Indonesia, serta berimplikasi praktis bagi kebijakan pemenuhan hak penyintas dan pemulihan identitas korban pelanggaran HAM berat masa lalu.
Kata Kunci: Eks-Tahanan Politik 1965, Fenomenologi, Penyintas Perempuan, Transformasi Identitas, Yayasan Sekretariat Bersama’65
ABSTRACT
The 1965 political upheaval in Indonesia left profound and enduring wounds upon women who were detained as political prisoners. For decades, these survivors bore the compounding burdens of social stigma, multilayered gender discrimination, and systematic marginalization in both public and private life consequences of the New Order regime's repressive policies. Although scholarly discourse surrounding the events of 1965 has grown considerably, research that specifically examines the identity transformation process of female ex-political prisoner survivors from a phenomenological perspective particularly within the context of post-Reform advocacy organizations remains limited. This study aims to understand and interpret in depth the identity transformation process as experienced by female survivors of the 1965 political detention. The Yayasan Sekretariat Bersama '65 (Yayasan Sekber '65) is positioned as a supporting that serves as the social space within which this process unfolds. The study employs a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design, involving three informants selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation.Findings demonstrate that female survivors of the 1965 political detention have achieved meaningful identity transformation and self-empowerment manifested through their active engagement as informal workers, human rights activists, participants in social activities, and in child-rearing roles supported by the psychosocial and economic assistance made accessible through Yayasan Sekber '65. This study contributes a phenomenological perspective for analyzing the agency of female ex-political prisoner survivors as active subjects who transform themselves, rather than passive victims, while simultaneously mapping the role of civil society organizations in the social identity reconstruction of survivors. These findings carry theoretical implications for the study of gender, trauma, and social reconciliation in Indonesia, as well as practical implications for policies addressing survivors' rights and the identity restoration of victims of past gross human rights violations.
Keyword: Ex-Political Prisoner 1965, Female Survivors, Identity Transformation, Phenomenology, Yayasan Sekretariat Bersama’65
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