FROM TIMELINE TO PUBLIC SPHERE: SOCIAL MEDIA NEWS CONSUMPTION AND POLITICAL EXPRESSION AMONG YOUTH

R. Yogie Prawira; Nifta Alifatul Khotijah; Zuhairi Sanofi; Sukron Mazid

doi:10.24198/sosiohumaniora.v27i2.69872

FROM TIMELINE TO PUBLIC SPHERE: SOCIAL MEDIA NEWS CONSUMPTION AND POLITICAL EXPRESSION AMONG YOUTH

R. Yogie Prawira, Nifta Alifatul Khotijah, Zuhairi Sanofi, Sukron Mazid

Abstract

The growing prevalence of social media as a source of news consumption has significant implications for political expression among youth. This study examines the impact of news consumption on political expression among young social media users in Indonesia. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 228 respondents through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using linear regression. The result suggested that news consumption on social media has a positive effect on users' political expression, although with a relatively small effect size (7.3%). It affirms the relevance of the relationship between news consumption on social media, but the small effect indicates an anomaly. There are some possibilities that may become barriers, such as the existence of the ITE Law which regulates the use of information technology, political efficacy, communication competence, social environment, and individual motivation in shaping political expression. The influence of these factors may differ across various social media platforms and contexts, necessitating further comprehensive research to fully comprehend political expression in the digital era. The diversity of platforms and different contexts are important aspects for conducting more in-depth research to obtain a comprehensive understanding of political expression in different digital eras. Limitations of this study include an unrepresentative sample, and potential bias in self-reported measurement of political expression. Future research is recommended to employ more representative samples and integrate content analysis with questionnaires to obtain more accurate data on this phenomenon.

Keywords

digital; news consumption; political expression; social media; youth

Full Text:

PDF

References

Afisa, A., Qodir, Z., Habibullah, A., & Sugiharto, U. (2024). Analysis of the ITE Law on Digital Rights and Democratic Values in Indonesia. The Journal of Society and Media, 8(2), 424–444. https://doi.org/10.26740/jsm.v8n2.p424-444

Afrilia, U. A., Asy’Ary, A. P. M. H., Muhdiarta, U., Mayasari, Y., & Anangkota, M. (2024). Transforming Public Services: The Role of Digital Innovation in Indonesian Municipal Governance. VISIONER: Jurnal Pemerintahan Daerah Di Indonesia, 16(1), 60–70. https://doi.org/10.54783/JV.V16I1.1043

Agis Dwiyanti, D., Nurani, I., Nuryana Alfarizi, M., & Datul Hubbah, R. (2023). Pengaruh Media Sosial terhadap Partisipasi Politik Warga Negara: Dampak Positif dan Negatif. ADVANCES in Social Humanities Research, 1(4).

Al Fatih, I. Z., Putera, R. A., & Umar, Z. H. (2024). Peran Algoritma Media Sosial dalam Penyebaran Propaganda Politik Digital Menjelang Pemilu. Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.7454/jkskn.v7i1.10090

Ali, D. J., & Eriyanto. (2021). Political Polarization and Selective Exposure of Social Media Users in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 24(3), 268–283. https://doi.org/10.22146/JSP.58199

Alvina, H., Julianti, L., Sugiantari, A. A. P. W., & Udytama, I. W. W. W. (2022). The State of Digital Freedom in Indonesia an Assessment of Online Censorship, Privacy, and Free Expression. Journal of Digital Law and Policy, 1(3), 141–152. https://doi.org/10.58982/JDLP.V1I3.301

Amelia, S. (2024). Ruang Cyber vs Kebebasan Berpendapat: Menyeimbangkan Regulasi dan Ekspresi di Era Digital. Staatsrecht: Jurnal Hukum Kenegaraan Dan Politik Islam, 4(2).

Barberá, P., Jost, J. T., Nagler, J., Tucker, J. A., & Bonneau, R. (2015). Tweeting From Left to Right: Is Online Political Communication More Than an Echo Chamber? Psychological Science, 26(10), 1531–1542. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797615594620

Bergström, A., & Belfrage, M. J. (2018). News in Social Media. Digital Journalism, 6(5), 583–598. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1423625

Bode, L. (2016). Political News in the News Feed: Learning Politics from Social Media. Mass Communication and Society, 19(1), 24–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2015.1045149

Borge Bravo, R., & Esteve Del Valle, M. (2017). Opinion leadership in parliamentary Twitter networks: A matter of layers of interaction? Journal of Information Technology and Politics, 14(3), 263–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2017.1337602

Boulianne, S. (2015). Social media use and participation: a meta-analysis of current research. Information Communication and Society, 18(5), 524–538. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2015.1008542

Boulianne, S., & Shehata, A. (2022). Age Differences in Online News Consumption and Online Political Expression in the United States, United Kingdom, and France. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 27(3), 763–783. https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612211060271

Chan, M., & Yi, J. (2024). Social Media Use and Political Engagement in Polarized Times. Examining the Contextual Roles of Issue and Affective Polarization in Developed Democracies. Political Communication, 41(5), 743–762. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2024.2325423

Cinelli, M., de Francisci Morales, G., Galeazzi, A., Quattrociocchi, W., & Starnini, M. (2021). The echo chamber effect on social media. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(9), e2023301118. https://doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.2023301118

Dahl, R. A. (1915). Polyarchy; participation and opposition. McGill Queen’s University Press.

Djenih, A., & Hadid, Y. (2024). The Psychology of News Consumption: Understanding Media Bias and Its Impact . Revue Des Sciences Humaines, 35(4), 429–438.

Dubois, E., Minaeian, S., Paquet-Labelle, A., & Beaudry, S. (2020). Who to Trust on Social Media: How Opinion Leaders and Seekers Avoid Disinformation and Echo Chambers. Social Media + Society, 6(2), 205630512091399. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120913993

Geise, S., Heck, A., & Panke, D. (2021). The Effects of Digital Media Images on Political Participation Online: Results of an Eye-Tracking Experiment Integrating Individual Perceptions of “Photo News Factors.” Policy and Internet, 13(1), 54–85. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.235

Gil de Zúñiga, H., & Chen, H. T. (2019). Digital Media and Politics: Effects of the Great Information and Communication Divides. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 63(3), 365–373. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2019.1662019

Gil de Zúñiga, H., Molyneux, L., & Zheng, P. (2014). Social media, political expression, and political participation: Panel analysis of lagged and concurrent relationships. Journal of Communication, 64(4), 612–634. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12103

Goodstats. (2024, October 31). Media Sosial Jadi Media Informasi Utama Masyarakat Indonesia. https://goodstats.id/article/media-sosial-menjadi-media-informasi-utama-masyarakat-indonesia-Yevme

Januar Ali, D., & Eriyanto, E. (2021). Political Polarization and Selective Exposure of Social Media Users in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 24(3), 268. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.58199

Karpouzis, K., Kaperonis, S., & Skarpelos, Y. (2022). Identification of Common Trends in Political Speech in Social Media using Sentiment Analysis. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2210.07600

Klinger, U. (2023). Algorithms, power and digital politics. In Handbook of Digital Politics (pp. 210–258). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800377585.00024

Köse, H., & Aydoğan, B. B. (2024). The Problem of Freedom of Expression in the Public Sphere of Social Media: Descriptive Analysis of the Echo Chamber Effect. Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences, 33(2), 277–317. https://doi.org/10.26650/SIYASAL.2024.33.1438504

Lane, D. S., Lee, S. S., Liang, F., Kim, D. H., Shen, L., Weeks, B. E., & Kwak, N. (2019). Social Media Expression and the Political Self. Journal of Communication, 69(1), 49–72. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqy064

Limilia, P., & Fuady, I. (2021). Literasi media, chilling effect, dan partisipasi politik remaja. Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, 9(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v9i1.31939

Lu, Y., Ray, R., Ha, L., & Chen, P. (2020). Social Media News Consumption and Opinion Polarization on China’s Trade Practices: Evidence From a U.S. National Survey. In International Journal of Communication (Vol. 14). http://ijoc.org.

Mak, M. K. F., Koo, A. Z. X., & Rojas, H. (2024). Social media engagement against fear of restrictions and surveillance: The mediating role of privacy management. New Media and Society, 26(4), 1984–2005. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221077240

Mascheroni, G., & Murru, M. F. (2017). “I Can Share Politics But I Don’t Discuss It”: Everyday Practices of Political Talk on Facebook. Social Media + Society, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117747849

Matthes, J., Knoll, J., & von Sikorski, C. (2018). The “Spiral of Silence” Revisited: A Meta-Analysis on the Relationship Between Perceptions of Opinion Support and Political Opinion Expression. Communication Research, 45(1), 3–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650217745429

Matthes, J., Nanz, A., Stubenvoll, M., & Heiss, R. (2020). Processing news on social media. The political incidental news exposure model (PINE). Journalism, 21(8), 1031–1048. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884920915371

Metzler, H., & Garcia, D. (2023). Social Drivers and Algorithmic Mechanisms on Digital Media. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 19(5), 735. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916231185057

Najib, A., Umar, U., Abim Bhakti, Prika Fatikasari, & Aminah Nur Kauthar Binti Zawawi. (2024). Regulation on Freedom of Expression on Social Media in Indonesia and Malaysia. Journal of Indonesian Constitutional Law, 1(1), 46–60. https://doi.org/10.71239/JICL.V1I1.20

Nanz, A., Heiss, R., & Matthes, J. (2022). Antecedents of intentional and incidental exposure modes on social media and consequences for political participation: a panel study. Acta Politica, 57(2), 235–253. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41269-020-00182-4

Noorikhsan, F. F., Ramdhani, H., Sirait, B. C., & Khoerunisa, N. (2023). Dinamika Internet, Media Sosial, dan Politik di Era Kontemporer: Tinjauan Relasi Negara-Masyarakat. Journal of Political Issues, 5(1), 95–109. https://doi.org/10.33019/jpi.v5i1.131

Oates, S. (2016). Democracy’s Double-Edged Sword: How Internet Use Changes Citizens’ Views of Their Government, by Catie Snow Bailard. Political Communication, 33(1), 164–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2016.1121743

Oeldorf-Hirsch, A. (2018). The Role of Engagement in Learning From Active and Incidental News Exposure on Social Media. Mass Communication and Society, 21(2), 225–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2017.1384022

Pang, H. (2018). Mobile communication and political participation: unravelling the effects of mobile phones on political expression and offline participation among young people. International Journal of Electronic Governance, 10(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEG.2018.091262

Pereira, G. C., Rocha, M. C. F., & Poplin, A. (2012). e-participation: Social media and the public space. Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2012. 491–501. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31125-3_37

Peter, C., & Muth, L. (2023). Social Media Influencers’ Role in Shaping Political Opinions and Actions of Young Audiences. Media and Communication, 11(3), 164–174. https://doi.org/10.17645/MAC.V11I3.6750

Prawira, Y., Sumartias, S., Suryana, A., & Damayani, N. A. (2024). The Effect Of Political Influencer On Online Political Participation In Twitter/X. Forum for Linguistic Studies, 6(2), 304–316.

Rachimoellah, M., Lubis, P. H., Utimadini, N. J., Rachimoellah, M., Lubis, P. H., & Utimadini, N. J. (2024). Digital Activism and Political Change: Challenges of Social Media’s Impact on Political Development. Journal Of Middle East and Islamic Studies, 11(2), 2. https://doi.org/10.7454/meis.v11i2.177

Rufín, R., Cayetano, M., Molina, M., Manuel., Moreno, R., Moreno, R. R., Medina Molina, C., Moreno, M. R., & Javier, F. (2013). (Cognitive) mobilization and political blogs. Global Business Perspectives 2013 1:1, 1(1), 48–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40196-012-0009-9

Safori, A., Habes, M., Alzobi, A., & Ali, M. (2024). An Analysis of Television News Media and Its Impact on Public Life (pp. 1071–1082). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56586-1_78

Sklad, M., Irrmischer, M., Park, E., Versteegt, I., & Wignand, J. (2021). Political Self-Efficacy, Citizenship Competences and Empowerment. Social and Civic Competencies Against Radicalization in Schools, 97–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85921-3_4

Spirig, J. (2024). Politicians, Newspapers, and Immigration Referendums: Exploring the Boundaries of Media Effects. Political Communication, 41(5), 786–807. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2024.2321539

Su, M.-H., Suk, J., & Rojas, H. (2022). Social Media Expression, Political Extremity, and Reduced Network Interaction: An Imagined Audience Approach. Social Media + Society, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051211069056

Swart, J. (2021). Experiencing Algorithms: How Young People Understand, Feel About, and Engage With Algorithmic News Selection on Social Media. Social Media + Society, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051211008828

Tapotubun, H. H., & Rahmah, H. (2021). Religiusitas Digital Dan Dimensi Perlawanan Milenial Dalam Ruang Online. Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif, 15.

Tinambunan, C. P., Syailendra, S., & Pratiwi, F. S. (2024). Analisis Perilaku Generasi Z dalam Menentukan Pilihan Politik. Sosio E-Kons, 16(3), 325. https://doi.org/10.30998/sosioekons.v16i3.27069

Vasist, P. N., Chatterjee, D., & Krishnan, S. (2023). The Polarizing Impact of Political Disinformation and Hate Speech: A Cross-country Configural Narrative. Information Systems Frontiers, 26(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10796-023-10390-W

Velasquez, A., & Rojas, H. (2017). Political Expression on Social Media: The Role of Communication Competence and Expected Outcomes. Social Media and Society, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117696521

Veronika, & Raharjo, A. E. (2021). Profiling news consumption on social media. Jurnal Komunikasi Profesional, 5(4), 320–334. https://doi.org/10.25139/jkp.v5i4.3794

Vilkaite-Vaitone, N. (2024). From Likes to Sustainability: How Social Media Influencers Are Changing the Way We Consume. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16041393

Weeks, B. E., Halversen, A., & Neubaum, G. (2024). Too scared to share? Fear of social sanctions for political expression on social media. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmad041

Yamamoto, M., Kushin, M. J., & Dalisay, F. (2015). Social media and mobiles as political mobilization forces for young adults: Examining the moderating role of online political expression in political participation. New Media and Society, 17(6), 880–898. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813518390

Zempi, C. N., Kuswanti, A., & Maryam, S. (2023). Analisis Peran Media Sosial Dalam Pembentukan Pengetahuan Politik Masyarakat. Ekspresi Dan Konsumsi: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 6(1), 116–123. https://doi.org/10.33822/jep.v6i1.5286

Zhou, S., & Lu, N. (2023). The Impact of Social Media News Consumption on Online Political Expression in China: The Role of Netizens’ Political Orientation. Communication Studies, 74(5), 412–427. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2023.2220750

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/sosiohumaniora.v27i2.69872