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Efek pemberian seduhan kopi robusta (Coffea canephora) terhadap jumlah sel makrofag dan limfosit pada model tikus periodontitis kronis
The effect of brewed robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) on macrophage and lymphocyte cells in rat model of chronic periodontitis
Abstract
Pendahuluan: Periodontitis merupakan penyakit peradangan yang terjadi pada jaringan pendukung gigi dengan prevalensi tertinggi. Porphyromonas gingivalis merupakan bakteri utama penyebab periodontitis. Pada proses inflamasi terjadi infiltrasi sel mononuklear, yaitu makrofag dan limfosit. Makrofag dan limfosit adalah sel yang berperan penting dalam pertahanan tubuh terhadap patogen selama inflamasi, tetapi apabila makrofag dan limfosit teraktivasi secara berlebihan justru dapat menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan. Salah satu bahan alami yang dapat bertindak sebagai anti-inflamasi adalah kopi Robusta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh seduhan kopi Robusta terhadap jumlah sel makrofag dan limfosit pada tikus model periodontitis. Metode: Jenis penelitian eksperimen laboratorium, menggunakan 20 ekor tikus yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok secara acak yaitu kelompok kontrol (K); kelompok tikus yang diinduksi Porphyromonas gingivalis (P5-A); kelompok tikus yang diinduksi Porphyromonas gingivalis dan diberi seduhan kopi robusta (P5-B) dieutanasia pada hari ke-19; kelompok tikus yang diinduksi Porphyromonas gingivalis (P7-A); kelompok tikus yang diinduksi Porphyromonas gingivalis dan diberi seduhan kopi robusta (P7-B) dieutanasia pada hari ke-21. Seduhan kopi robusta yang diberikan sebanyak 3,6 ml selama 14 hari. Pemrosesan jaringan dan pewarnaan HE dilakukan pada preparat rahang bawah. Penghitungan makrofag dan limfosit pada area sekitar tulang alveolar bukal M1 bawah, kemudian dilakukan analisis statistik one-way ANOVA. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan jumlah sel makrofag dan limfosit antara kelompok kontrol dibandingkan kelompok perlakuan (p<0,05); tidak terdapat perbedaan yang siginifikan (p>0,05) jumlah sel limfosit diantara kelompok perlakuan (P5-A,P5-B,P7-A dan P7-B). Simpulan: Seduhan kopi robusta dapat mengurangi jumlah sel makrofag dan limfosit pada model tikus periodontitis.
Kata kunci: Seduhan kopi robusta, makrofag, limfosit, periodontitis.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that occurs in tooth-supporting tissues with a high prevalence. Porphyromonas gingivalis is the primary bacteria that cause periodontitis. In the inflammatory process, mononuclear cell, such as macrophages and lymphocytes, infiltrate. Macrophages and lymphocytes play an essential role in the body’s defence against pathogens during inflammation. However, excessively activated macrophages and lymphocytes can cause tissue damage. One of the natural ingredients that can act as an anti-inflammatory is Robusta coffee. This study was aimed to analyse the effect of brewed Robusta coffee on the number of macrophage and lymphocyte cells in the chronic periodontitis rat model. Methods: This research was a laboratory experiment towards 20 rats, which were randomly divided into five groups: the control group (K); group of mice induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P5-A); group of mice induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis and administered with brewed robusta coffee (P5-B), euthanised on the 19th day 19; group of mice induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P7-A); group of mice induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis and administered with brewed robusta coffee (P7-B), euthanised on the 21st day. Brewed robusta coffee was administered for as much as 3.6 ml during 14 days. Tissue processing and HE staining were performed on the mandibular preparations—calculation of macrophages and lymphocytes in the area around the lower M1 buccal alveolar. The results were then analysed with one-way ANOVA. Results: There was a significant difference in the number of macrophages and lymphocytes between the control and the treatment group (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) found in the number of lymphocytes between all treatment groups (P5-A, P5-B, P7-A, and P7-B). Conclusion: Brewed Robusta coffee can reduce the number of macrophage and lymphocyte cells in the chronic periodontitis rat model.
Keywords: Brewed Robusta coffee, macrophage, lymphocyte, periodontitis.
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/pjdrs.v5i1.28591
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