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Perbedaan tinggi vertikal wajah pada maloklusi Kelas I dan II skeletal
The vertical facial height difference between skeletal class I and II malocclusions
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Tinggi vertikal wajah berperan penting untuk menghasilkan bentuk wajah yang seimbang. Bentuk wajah dibagi menjadi hiperdivergen, normodivergen, dan hipodivergen. Tinggi vertikal wajah pada setiap individu dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor herediter, ras, jenis kelamin, kebiasaan buruk dan maloklusi. Maloklusi dapat menjadi penyebab perubahan dari struktur kraniofasial dan juga dapat mengganggu estetika pada wajah. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis perbedaan tinggi vertikal wajah pada maloklusi kelas I dan II skeletal dan perbedaan tinggi vertikal wajah pada maloklusi kelas I dan II skeletal pada laki-laki dan perempuan. Metode: Jenis penelitian cross-sectional, populasi penelitian adalah pasien ortodonti yang pernah dirawat di RSGM USU. Besar sampel pada penelitian ini dihitung menggunakan rumus dua proporsi. Sampel penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi didapatkan sebanyak 96 sampel. Kriteria inklusi pada penelitian ini adalah pasien ortodonti yang pernah dirawat di RSGM USU berusia 8-15 tahun, tidak memiliki kebiasaan buruk, tidak pernah mengalami trauma, dan fraktur kraniofasial. Kriteria eksklusi pada penelitian ini adalah tidak pernah melakukan perawatan ortodonti. Subjek maloklusi skeletal diperoleh melalui pengukuran berdasarkan metode Steiner, kemudian dilakukan pengukuran tinggi vertikal wajah menggunakan metode Jarabak (S-Go/N-Me)%. Hasil: Analisis statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan pada tinggi vertikal wajah antara kelas I dan II skeletal dengan nilai p=0,005 (p<0,05) dan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada tinggi vertikal wajah antara jenis kelamin laki-laki dan perempuan dengan nilai p=0,447 (p>0,05). Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan tinggi vertikal wajah pada kelas I dan II skeletal namun tidak terdapat perbedaan tinggi vertikal wajah antara laki-laki dan perempuan.
Kata kunci: Tinggi vertikal wajah, metode Jarabak, maloklusi kelas II dan kelas II skeletal, metode Steiner.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The vertical height of the face plays an essential role in producing a balanced face shape. The facial shape is divided into hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent. The vertical facial height in each individual can be influenced by hereditary factors, race, gender, bad habits, and malocclusion. Malocclusion can change the craniofacial structure and also interfere the facial aesthetics. This study was aimed to analyse the difference in the vertical facial height in skeletal class I and II malocclusions and the difference in the vertical facial height in skeletal class I and II malocclusions in males and females. Methods: This study was cross-sectional. The study population was orthodontic patients who had been treated at Universitas Sumatra Utara Dental Hospital. The sample in this study was calculated using the formula of two proportions. The research sample that met the inclusion criteria was 96 samples. In this study, the inclusion criteria were orthodontic patients treated at Universitas Sumatra Utara Dental Hospital aged 8-15 years, with no bad habits, never experienced trauma and craniofacial fractures. The exclusion criteria in this study was never had orthodontic treatment. Skeletal malocclusion of the subjects was measured with the Steiner method, then the vertical height of the face was measured using the Jarabak method (S-Go / N-Me)%. Results: Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the vertical facial height between skeletal class I and II malocclusions, with p-value=0.005 (p<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the vertical facial height between male and female with p-value=0.447 (p>0.05). Conclusion: There is a difference in the vertical facial height in skeletal class I and II malocclusions. However, there is no difference in vertical facial height between male and female.
Keywords: Vertical facial height, Jarabak method, class I and class II skeletal malocclusions, Steiner method.
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/pjdrs.v5i1.29376
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