Potensi ekstrak sutra laba-laba Argiope modesta 5% sebagai bahan anti inflamasi pada luka gingiva tikus Wistar Potential of 5% extract of Argiope modesta silk as an anti-inflammatory agent in the gingival wound of Wistar rats

Abstract

ABSTRAK 

Pendahuluan: Luka adalah rusaknya suatu jaringan yang dapat disebabkan oleh jejas ataupun tindakan medis. Reaksi awal penyembuhan luka pada gingiva adalah terbentuknya gumpalan darah, kemudian terjadi inflamasi yang akan melibatkan sel-sel leukosit seperti neutrofil, makrofag, dan limfosit ke area luka. Sutra laba-laba mengandung asam amino glisin dan alanin yang diduga berperan sebagai antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi ekstrak sutra laba-laba Argiope modesta 5% terhadap jumlah sel inflamasi (sel neutrofil, makrofag, dan limfosit) pada luka gingiva tikus wistar. Metode: Hewan coba sebanyak 27 ekor tikus wistar jantan dan dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, kelompok gel ekstrak sutra laba-laba 5% (P5%); kelompok kontrol negatif gel CMC-Na 2% K(-); dan kelompok kontrol positif Aloclairgel K(+). Punch biopsy dilakukan pada gingiva bukal M1 kiri bawah dengan diameter 2,0 mm hingga mencapai tulang alveolar. Hewan coba dieuthanasia pada hari ke-3, 5, dan 7 setelah pemberian gel, dilakukan pemrosesan jaringan dan pewarnaan HE. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan two-way ANOVA dan Least Significance Different (LSD) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (p<0,05). Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p=0,000) antara rerata jumlah neutrofil kelompok perlakuan  (4,00±1,00) dibanding kontrol negatif (10,00±1,00) dan tidak berbeda signifikan (p=0,768) dibanding kontrol positif (5,00±1,00). Rerata jumlah makrofag berbeda signifikan (p=0,043) pada kelompok perlakuan (2,00±0,00) dibanding kontrol negatif (4,00±1,00) dan (p=0,034) dibanding kontrol positif (3,00±0,00). Rerata jumlah limfosit berbeda signifikan (p=0,000) pada kelompok perlakuan (4,00±1,00) dibanding kontrol negatif (13,00±2,00) dan tidak berbeda signifikan (p=0,111) dibanding kontrol positif (5,00±1,00). Hasil ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,05) antar kelompok perlakuan. Hasil uji LSD menunjukkan bahwa kelompok kontrol negatif  menstimulasi infiltrasi sel netrofil, makrofag dan limfosit signifikan (p<0,05) lebih banyak dibanding kelompok kontrol positif. Simpulan: Ekstrak sutra laba-laba Argiope modesta 5% memiliki potensi sebagai bahan antiinflamasi dengan menurunkan jumlah sel inflamasi, baik neutrofil, makrofag, dan limfosit pada luka gingiva tikus wistar.

Kata kunci: ekstrak sutra laba-laba; Argiope modesta; sel inflamasi; luka gingiva

ABSTRACT 

Introduction: Wound is tissue damage caused by injury or medical action. The initial reaction of wound healing in the gingiva is the formation of blood clots. Then inflammation occurs, involving leukocyte cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes to the wound area. Spider silk contains the amino acids of glycine and alanine, which act as anti-inflammatory agents. This study was aimed to analyse the potential of 5% spider silk extract of Argiope modesta on the number of inflammatory cells (neutrophil cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes) in the gingival wound of Wistar rats. Methods: The experimental animals were 27 male Wistar rats divided into three groups, the group of 5% spider silk extract gel (P5%); negative control group (2% CMC-Na gel) (K-); and the positive control group of Aloclair gel (K+). The punch biopsy was performed on the lower-left M1 buccal gingiva with a diameter of 2.0 mm until the alveolar bone. Experimental animals were euthanised on the third, fifth, and seventh days after gel administration, then tissue processing and HE staining were performed. Observational data were analysed using two-way ANOVA and Least Significance Different (LSD) with a 95% confidence level (p<0.05). Results: There was a significant difference (p=0.000) between the mean number of neutrophils in the treatment group (4.00±1.00) compared to the negative control (10.00±1.00), while compared to the positive control (5.00±1.00), the difference was found to be not significant (p=0.768). The mean number of macrophages was significantly different (p=0.043) in the treatment group (2.00±0.00) compared to the negative control (4.00±1.00) and (p=0.034) compared to the positive control (3.00±0.00). The mean number of lymphocytes was significantly different (p=0.000) in the treatment group (4.00±1.00) compared to the negative control (13.00±2.00) and was not significantly different (p=0.111) compared to the positive control (5.00 ±1.00). ANOVA results showed significant differences (p<0.05) between treatment groups. LSD test results showed that the negative control group stimulated the infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes significantly (p<0.05), more than the positive control group. Conclusion: 5% Argiope modesta silk extract has potential as an anti-inflammatory agent by reducing the number of inflammatory cells, both neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes in the gingival wound of Wistar rats.

Keywords: spider silk extract; Argiope modesta; inflammatory cells; gingival wound