Penggunaan smartphone photography pada mobile teledentistry untuk pemeriksaan karies pada survey epidemiologi: systematic review

Bunga Hasna Adilah; Anton Rahardjo; Armasastra Bahar

doi:10.24198/pjdrs.v7i2.47453

Penggunaan smartphone photography pada mobile teledentistry untuk pemeriksaan karies pada survey epidemiologi: systematic review

Bunga Hasna Adilah, Anton Rahardjo, Armasastra Bahar

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Pendahuluan: Pemeriksaan klinis secara langsung telah menjadi gold standard untuk skrining karies; namun, karena keterbatasannya, teledentistry mulai dikembangkan sebagai metode alternatif untuk pemeriksaan karies jarak jauh. Mobile teledentistry merupakan salah satu pengembangan dari telemedicine yang memanfaatkan teknologi smartphone photography karena mudah digunakan, relatif murah, dan dapat dibawa kemana saja. Tujuan ulasan sistematis ini adalah melihat bagaimana penggunaan smartphone photography pada mobile teledentistry sebagai alat alternatif untuk pemeriksaan karies pada survei epidemiologi, serta apakah smartphone photography pada mobile teledentistry merupakan alat yang akurat dan reliable untuk pemeriksaan karies pada survey epidemiologi. Metode: Pengumpulan data dalam penulisan ulasan sistematis sesuai dengan pedoman PRISMA statement. Penjaringan artikel dari berbagai literatur yang diterbitkan 10 tahun terakhir, yang dicari melalui database PubMed, ProQuest, dan Science Direct. Pemilihan artikel disesuaikan dengan formula PICOS. Uji kelayakan dan kualitas studi artikel penelitian yang diinklusikan dilakukan menggunakan kriteria CEBM untuk penelitian Diagnostic Accuracy. Hasil: Terjaring 6 artikel penelitian dari total 242 artikel yang didapatkan terkait dengan smartphone photography pada mobile teledentistry untuk pemeriksaan karies pada skrining gigi dan mulut. Penelitian menunjukkan tingkat sensitivitas, spesifisitas, dan akurasi yang tinggi (>80%) serta reliabilitas yang cukup baik (Kappa>0,81). Pemeriksaan karies dengan metode smartphone photography memiliki kelemahan diantaranya variasi kualitas foto intra oral dan ketidakmampuan foto untuk mendeteksi karies pada lokasi tertentu. Simpulan: Smartphone photography pada mobile teledentistry merupakan alat yang sensitif dan dapat diandalkan sebagai alternatif untuk pemeriksaan karies pada survei epidemiologi. Beberapa faktor, seperti teknik pengambilan foto, kualitas pencahayaan dan kemampuan operator perlu diperhatikan karena dapat mempengaruhi hasil pemeriksaan karies.

KATA KUNCI: Smartphone photography, mobile teledentistry, pemeriksaan karies, skrining

The use of smartphone photography on mobile teledentistry for caries examination in epidemiological surveys: a systematic review

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Direct clinical examination has been the gold standard for screening dental caries; however, due to its various limitations, teledentistry has been developed as an alternative screening method for a remote dental caries examination. Mobile teledentistry is one of the telemedicine developments that employ smartphone photography technology because it is user-friendly, reasonably affordable, and portable. The purpose of this systematic review is to see how smartphone photography on mobile teledentistry is used as an alternative tool for caries examination in epidemiological surveys, and whether smartphone photography on mobile teledentistry is an accurate and reliable tool for dental caries examination in an epidemiological survey. Methods: Data collection was according to the PRISMA statement guidelines. Articles were screened from various literature published in the last 10 years, which were searched through the PubMed, ProQuest, and Science Direct databases. The selection of articles was adjusted according to the PICOS formula. The feasibility and quality tests of the included research articles were carried out using the CEBM criteria for Diagnostic Accuracy research. Results: There were six research publications out of 242 search results that were related to smartphone photography in mobile teledentistry for caries examination in dental screening. The studies showed high levels of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (>80%) as well as fairly good reliability (Kappa>0.81). Caries examination using smartphone photography method has weaknesses, such as variations in the quality of intra-oral photos and the inability of photos to detect caries in certain locations. Conclusion: Smartphone photography on mobile teledentistry is a sensitive and reliable tool as an alternative for caries examination in epidemiological surveys. However, several factors such as the photography technique, the quality of light and the camera operator’s skills need to be taken into consideration because they can affect the results of caries examination.

KEY WORDS: Smartphone photography, mobile teledentistry, caries examination, caries screening

Keywords

Smartphone photography, mobile teledentistry, pemeriksaan karies, skrining, Smartphone photography, mobile teledentistry, caries examination, caries screening

Full Text:

PDF

References

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Laporan Riset Kesehatan Dasar Nasional 2018. 2018. 220 h

Subbalekshmi T, Anandan V, Apathsakayan, R. Use of a Teledentistry-based Program for Screening of Early Childhood Caries in a School Setting. Cureus. 2017; 9(7): 1–7. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.1416

Kale S, Kakodkar P, Sonal, SH. Assessment of mother’s ability in caries diagnosis, utilizing the smartphone photographic method. 2019; 37(9): 360–5. DOI: 10.4103/JISPPD.JISPPD_349_18

Estai M, Kanagasingam Y, Huang B, Shiikha J, Kruger E, Bunt S, et al. Comparison of a Smartphone-Based Photographic Method with Face-to-Face Caries Assessment: A Mobile Teledentistry Model. Telemed e-Health. 107; 23(5): 435–40. DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2016.0122

Gimenez T, Piovesan C, Braga MM, Raggio DP, Deery C, Ricketts DN, et al. Clinical relevance of studies on the accuracy of visual inspection for detecting caries lesions: a systematic review. Caries Res. 2015; 49(2): 91–8. DOI: 10.1159/000365948

Baelum V, Hintze H, Wenzel A, Danielsen B, Nyvad B. Implications of caries diagnostic strategies for clinical management decisions. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol; 2013: 40(3): 257–66. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2011.00655.x

Macapagal J, Gayle S, Tablarin A. Implicated Guidelines of Cost-efficient Teledentistry during the COVID-19 Pandemic for a Developing Country: A Narrative Review. Appl Med Informatics Rev. 2021; 43(4): p, 112–23.

AlShaya MS, Assery MK, Pani SC. Reliability of mobile phone teledentistry in dental diagnosis and treatment planning in mixed dentition. J Telemed Telecare. 2020; 26(1–2): 45–52. DOI: 10.1177/1357633X18793767

Jampani ND, Nutalapati R, Dontula BSK, Boyapati R. Applications of teledentistry: A literature review and update. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent; 2014; 1(2): 37. DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.97695

Fonseca BB, Perdoncini NN, Da Silva VC, Gueiros LAM, Carrard VC, Lemos CA, et al. Telediagnosis of oral lesions using smartphone photography. Oral Dis. 2021; 4: 1–7. DOI: 10.1111/odi.13972

Kohara EK, Abdala CG, Novaes TF, Braga MM, Haddad AE, Mendes FM. Is it feasible to use smartphone images to perform telediagnosis of different stages of occlusal caries lesions? PLoS One. 2018; 13(9): 1–12. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202116

dad AE, Mendes FM. Is it feasible to use smartphone images to perform telediagnosis of different stages of occlusal caries lesions? PLoS One. 2018; 13(9): 1–12. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202116

Estai M, Kanagasingam Y, Huang B, Checker H, Steele L, Kruger E, et al. The efficacy of remote screening for dental caries by mid-level dental providers using a mobile teledentistry model. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2016; 44(5): 435–41. DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12232

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021; 372. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n71

University of Oxford. Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine: Critical appraisal worksheets for Diagnostic Accuracy. 2022; (1): p, 1–4.

Estai M, Kanagasingam Y, Mehdizadeh M, Vignarajan J, Norman R, Huang B, et al. Teledentistry as a novel pathway to improve dental health in school children: A research protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMC Oral Health. 2020; 20(1): 1–10. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0992-1

Taqi M, Razak IA, Ab-Murat N. Comparing dental caries status using Modified International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and World Health Organization (WHO) indices among school children of Bhakkar, Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc. 2019; 69(7): p, 950–4.

Lazar R, Culic B, Gasparik C, Lazar C, Dudea D. The use of digital dental photography in an Eastern European country. Med Pharm Reports. 2022;95(3):305–10. DOI: 10.15386/mpr-2119

Moussa C, Hardan L, Kassis C, Bourgi R, Devoto W, Jorquera G, et al. Accuracy of dental photography: professional vs. smartphone’s camera. Biomed Res Int. 2021. DOI: 10.1155/2021/3910291

Santipipat C, Kaewkamnerdpong I, Limpuangthip N. Facilitating dental disease screening program in prisoners using an intraoral camera in teledentistry. BDJ Open. 2023; 9(1): 1–6. DOI: 10.1038/s41405-023-00145-9

Pentapati KC, Mishra P, Damania M, Narayanan S, Sachdeva G, Bhalla G. Reliability of intra-oral camera using teledentistry in screening of oral diseases – Pilot study. Saudi Dent J. 2017;29(2):74–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2017.03.002

Almazrooa SA, Mansour GA, Alhamed SA, Ali SA, Akeel SK, Alhindi NA, et al. The application of teledentistry for Saudi patients’ care: A national survey study. J Dent Sci. 2021; 16(1): 280–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.04.014

Pandey P, Jasrasaria N, Bains R, Singh A, Manar M, Kumar A. The Efficacy of Dental Caries Telediagnosis Using Smartphone: A Diagnostic Study in Geriatric Patients. Cureus. 2023; 15(1): 1–8. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33256

Casaglia A, Dominicis PDE, Arcuri L, Gargari M, Ottria L. Dental photography today, part 1: basic concepts. Oral & Implantology. 2015; (2): 122–9. DOI: 10.11138/orl/2015.8.4.122

Estai M, Bunt S, Kanagasingam Y, Tennant M. Cost savings from a teledentistry model for school dental screening: an Australian health system perspective. Aust Heal Rev. 2018; 42(5): 482–90. DOI: 10.1071/AH16119

Duong DL, Kabir MH, Kuo RF. Automated caries detection with smartphone color photography using machine learning. Health Informatics J. 2021;27(2). DOI: 10.1177/14604582211007530

Tareq A, Faisal MI, Islam MS, Rafa NS, Chowdhury T, Ahmed S, et al. Visual diagnostics of dental caries through deep learning of non-standardised photographs using a hybrid YOLO ensemble and transfer learning model. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023; 20(7). DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075351

Queyroux A, Saricassapian B, Herzog D, Müller K, Herafa I, Ducoux D, et al. Accuracy of teledentistry for diagnosing dental pathology using direct examination as a gold standard: results of the Tel-e-dent study of older adults living in nursing homes. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017; 18(6): 528–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.12.082

Inquimbert C, Balacianu I, Huyghe N, Pasdeloup J, Tramini P, Meroueh F, et al. Applications of teledentistry in a French inmate population: a one-year observational study. PLoS One. 2021; 16(4): 1–11. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247778

Ghai S. Teledentistry during COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev. 2020; 14(5): 933–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.029

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/pjdrs.v7i2.47453