Distribusi frekuensi kebiasaan bernafas melalui mulut pada anak dengan Sindrom Down: studi cross-sectional

Farsya Tsabita Al Haq; Hilmanda Budiman; Willyanti Soewondo

doi:10.24198/pjdrs.v8i2.54164

Distribusi frekuensi kebiasaan bernafas melalui mulut pada anak dengan Sindrom Down: studi cross-sectional

Farsya Tsabita Al Haq, Hilmanda Budiman, Willyanti Soewondo

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Pendahuluan: Sindrom Down merupakan kelainan kromosom paling umum yang disebabkan oleh terdapatnya kelebihan salinan pada kromosom 21 (trisomi 21). Sindrom Down menyebabkan gangguan perkembangan orofacial, seperti hipoplasia wajah bagian tengah serta hipotonus otot lidah dan bibir, yang dapat menimbulkan kebiasaan bernafas melalui mulut. Kebiasaan bernafas melalui mulut dapat mengakibatkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dentokraniofasial terhambat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pemeriksaan Massler’s water holding test yang belum pernah digunakan pada penelitian mengenai angka kebiasaan bernapas melalui mulut pada anak dengan Sindrom Down di Indonesia sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis distribusi frekuensi kebiasaan bernafas melalui mulut pada anak dengan Sindrom Down di Yayasan Persatuan Orang Tua Anak dengan Down Syndrome (POTADS) Bandung. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif observasional secara cross sectional. Subjek merupakan anak dengan Sindrom Down usia 3–18 tahun yang telah didiagnosis Sindrom Down oleh dokter anak. Subjek dipilih melalui metode accidental sampling menghasilkan 31 anak Sindrom Down yang datang ke Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut (RSGM) Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad) selama periode penelitian berlangsung. Kebiasaan bernafas melalui mulut ditentukan dengan metode pemeriksaan Massler’s water holding test, subjek diminta untuk menahan air sekitar 15ml di dalam mulut dengan bibir tertutup tanpa menelan air selama 2–3 menit. Apabila durasi kurang dari 2–3 menit, subjek dianggap mengalami kebiasaan bernafas melalui mulut. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 26 anak memiliki kebiasaan bernafas melalui mulut (83,87%) yang terdiri dari 9 anak laki-laki (34,62%) dan 17 anak perempuan (65,38%). Frekuensi usia tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok anak usia 7 tahun (15,38%). Simpulan: Distribusi frekuensi kebiasaan bernafas melalui mulut, dengan metode pemeriksaan Massler’s water holding test, pada anak Sindrom Down di Yayasan POTADS Bandung adalah sebesar 83,87%

Frequency distribution of mouth breathing in children with Down Syndrome: a cross-sectional study

ntroduction: Down Syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21). Down syndrome often results in abnormal orofacial development, such as midface hypoplasia and hypotony of the muscles of the tongue and lips, which can lead to bad oral habits like mouth breathing. Mouth breathing can disturb dentocraniofacial growth and development. This study used the Massler's water holding test method that has never been used in previous studies for determining numbers of mouth breathing in children with Down syndrome in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the frequency distribution of mouth breathing among children with Down syndrome at the Persatuan Orang Tua Anak dengan Down Syndrome (POTADS) Foundation Bandung. Method: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive observational design. The subjects of this study were children aged 3–18 years diagnosed Down Syndrome by pediatricians. An accidental sampling method was used to select 31 Down Syndrome children who visited Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut (RSGM) Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad) during the research period. Mouth breathing identified using the Massler's water holding test method whereas the subject was instructed to hold approximately 15 ml of water in their mouth for 2–3 minutes while keeping the lips closed and not swallowing any water. If the duration was less than 2–3 minutes, the subjects considered mouth breathing. Results: The results showed that 26 children (83.87%) breathed through their mouths. The gender-based frequency of mouth breathing showed 34,62% boys and 65,38% girls. Based on age, the 7-year-old group had the highest frequency of mouth breathing (15,38%). Conclusion: The frequency distribution of mouth breathing in children with Down Syndrome at the POTADS Foundation Bandung is 83,87%

Keywords

Sindrom Down, bernafas melalui mulut, Massler’s water holding test

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/pjdrs.v8i2.54164