IMPLEMENTASI DIPLOMASI VAKSIN TIONGKOK DALAM KEPENTINGAN GEOPOLITIK TERKAIT HEALTH SILK ROAD DI EROPA TAHUN 2020-2022

Megawati Hamdani Ba'ka, Christian H.J. De Fretes, Suryo S. Hadiwijoyo

Abstrak


Pandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi sejak tahun 2020 memberikan kesempatan bagi Tiongkok untuk memperluas kebijakan luar negerinya, dari yang semula terfokus pada Belt and Road Initiative di bidang ekonomi dan pembangunan, ke Health Silk Road yang difokuskan pada sektor kesehatan. Hal tersebut karena krisis kesehatan yang terjadi di negara lain, ditambah dengan adanya kekosongan kepemimpinan dalam bidang kesehatan, memberikan celah bagi Tiongkok untuk muncul sebagai pemimpin dalam health governance. Penelitian pun selanjutnya difokuskan pada permasalahan terkait penggunaan diplomasi vaksin sebagai instrumen kebijakan luar negeri Tiongkok untuk mencapai kepentingan geopolitiknya di Eropa, yakni pelaksanaan HSR pada tahun 2019-2022. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan konsep geopolitik dan diplomasi vaksin, serta teori diplomasi publik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diplomasi vaksin merupakan kebijakan luar negeri Tiongkok yang dilakukan untuk mencapai kepentingan geopolitiknya dalam lingkup HSR. Diplomasi vaksin Tiongkok dilakukan dengan memberikan bantuan vaksin dalam jumlah besar kepada negara-negara Eropa Timur dan Tengah ketika kawasan tersebut mengalami keterbatasan pasokan vaksin Covid-19. Dengan memberikan bantuan vaksin, Tiongkok dapat meningkatkan hubungan bilateral dan regional dengan Eropa, sehingga inisiatif HSR pun dapat dilaksanakan di wilayah tersebut. Dalam jangka panjang, diharapkan kondisi itu akan mendukung pelaksanaan kebijakan-kebijakan luar negeri Tiongkok lainnya di Eropa.

 

The Covid-19 pandemic that has occurred since 2020 has provided an opportunity for China to expand its foreign policies, from the original Belt and Road orientation in the economic and development fields to the Health Silk Road which focuses on the health sector. This is because the health crisis that occurred in other countries, coupled with the weakness of leadership in the health sector, has provided an opening for China to emerge as a leader in health governance. The research then discusses issues related to the use of vaccine diplomacy as an instrument of China's foreign policy to achieve its geopolitical interests in Europe, namely the implementation of the HSR in 2019-2022. The research was conducted using the concepts of geopolitics and vaccine diplomacy, as well as the theory of public diplomacy. The results of the study show that vaccine diplomacy is China's foreign policy which is carried out to achieve its geopolitical interests within the scope of HSR. China's vaccine diplomacy was carried out by providing vaccine assistance in large quantities to Eastern and Central European countries when the region experienced limited supplies of the Covid-19 vaccine. By providing vaccine assistance, it is hoped that China can enhance bilateral and regional relations with Europe so that HSR initiatives can be implemented in the region. In the long term, the expected conditions will support the implementation of other Chinese foreign policies in Europe.


Kata Kunci


Tiongkok; Eropa; diplomasi vaksin; geopolitik; Health Silk Road

Teks Lengkap:

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/aliansi.v2i1.45574

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