Ternary Solid Dispersions for Improved Dissolution Profile of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs: Insights from Recent Studies

Salma Amaliah, Diah Lia Aulifa, Arif Budiman

Abstract

Enhancing the dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs remains a major challenge in drug development. Binary solid dispersions (BSDs), composed of a drug and a hydrophilic polymer, have been employed to improve solubility primarily through amorphization. However, many BSD systems suffer from limited wettability and suboptimal dispersion, which reduce their effectiveness in promoting rapid and consistent drug release. Ternary solid dispersions (TSDs) introduce a functional third component, such as an additional polymer, surfactant, co-former, or other excipient, to overcome these limitations and further enhance dissolution performance. This review provides a concise summary of current advancements in TSD systems and their underlying mechanisms for improving drug dissolution. Relevant studies published between 2020 and 2025 were retrieved from Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed using the keywords "ternary solid dispersion" and "dissolution." Critical formulation strategies, excipient combinations, and manufacturing techniques were summarized to elucidate how TSDs improve dissolution by stabilizing the amorphous state, inhibiting nucleation and crystal growth, enhancing wettability, and preventing particle agglomeration. The selected preparation method was determined to significantly affect dissolution behavior. The compiled evidence supports TSD systems as a versatile and efficient strategy for improving the dissolution characteristics of poorly water-soluble drugs, offering substantial potential for advancing oral drug delivery.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/idjp.v7i2.63625

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