Piper betle Leaf Extract Spray Gel for Diabetic Wound Causes by Bacterial Infections

Ririn Lispita Wulandari; Achmad Quraisy Aljufri; Safira Chafiffa; Geges Arstri Andani

doi:10.24198/ijpst.v12i3.63060

Piper betle Leaf Extract Spray Gel for Diabetic Wound Causes by Bacterial Infections

Ririn Lispita Wulandari, Achmad Quraisy Aljufri, Safira Chafiffa, Geges Arstri Andani

Abstrak

Antibiotic resistance in the treatment of diabetic wound infections is common. Piper betle leaf extract has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. This study aims to formulate a spray gel from Piper betle leaf extract and test its effect on diabetic wounds infected with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The gel was made with 10% (F1), 15% (F2), and 20% (F3) extracts. The organoleptic physical characteristics, pH, homogeneity, viscosity, spray pattern, adhesive spreadability, drying time, and physical stability were tested. All rats were given alloxan 170 mg/kgBW, fasting glucose levels were measured, and then grouped into control, MRSA-exposed, and P. aeruginosa-exposed groups. The negative and positive controls were also included in the test. A 2 cm wound with a depth of 0.3 cm was given bacteria, except for the normal control. The length of the wound was measured, and the wound reduction was calculated as a percentage of wound closure and statistically analyzed. All the formulas met the physical criteria, significantly closing MRSA wounds by 100%. F2 and F3 significantly closed P. aeruginosa wounds by 89.88% and 93.13%, respectively. Collectively, the Piper betle leaf extract spray gel had an effect that could relieve diabetic wound infections.

Kata Kunci

Diabetic wounds; Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Piper betle L.; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Spray gel

Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi

Rassi YET, Efendy MA. Pola Diet Dengan Proses Penyembuhan Luka Diabetik. Journal of Health and Community Sciences. 2023;3(3):113-7.

Mugiyanto E, Irham LM. Manajemen ulkus diabetikum: Sebuah kajian. Yogyakarta: Deepublish Digital; 2022.

Risnawati R, Yusuf S, Syam Y. Identifikasi jenis bakteri pada luka kaki diabetik (LKD) berdasarkan lama menderita luka. Jurnal Kesehatan Manarang. 2018;4(2):87-92.

Ramirez-Acuña JM, Cardenas-Cadena SA, Marquez-Salas PA, Garza-Veloz I, Perez-Favila A, Cid-Baez MA, et al. Diabetic foot ulcers: Current advances in antimicrobial therapies and emerging treatments. Antibiotics. 2019;8(4):193.

Ministry of Health Malaysia. Management of diabetic foot. 2nd ed. Putrajaya: Malaysia Health Technology Assessment Section (MaHTAS); 2018.

Akbar GT, Karimi J, Anggraini D. Pola bakteri dan resistensi antibiotik pada ulkus diabetik grade dua di RSUD Arifin Achmad periode 2012. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa. 2014;1(2):1-15.

Setianingsih Y, Fadraersada J, Ibrahim A, Ramadhan AM. Pola resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik pada pasien diabetic foot di RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda periode Agustus-Oktober 2016. Proceeding Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conference. 2016; 4:407–14.

Senneville É, Albalawi Z, van Asten SA, Abbas ZG, Allison G, Aragón-Sánchez J, et al. IWGDF/IDSA guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes-related foot infections (IWGDF/IDSA 2023). Diabetes Metabolism Research and Reviews. 2024;40(3):e3687.

Bagenda TD, Munir NW, Agustini T. Pengaruh pemberian antimicrobial terhadap penyembuhan luka pada pasien ulkus diabetikum. Window of Nursing Journal. 2021;2(1): 101-6.

Sumayyah S, Salsabila N. Obat tradisional: Antara khasiat dan efek sampingnya. Majalah Farmasetika. 2017;2(5):1-4.

Raudah S, Wahid RSA, Huzaimah. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper betle L.) dan Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) terhadap Bakteri pada Luka Diabetes Mellitus Secara invitro. Proceeding 2nd SETIABUDI-CIHAMS 2022. 2022:59-69.

Manarisip GE, Fatimawati F, Rotinsulu H. Standarisasi Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper betle L.) dan Uji Antibakteri Terhadap Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pharmacon. 2020;9(4):533-41.

Suhesti, Rusmalina S. Kandungan Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Berkhasiat Pada Penyembuhan Luka Diabetes. RISTEK Jurnal Riset Inovasi dan Teknologi Kabupaten Batang. 2021;5(2):35-40.

Nisyak K, Hisbiyah A, Haqqo A. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol dan Minyak Atsiri Sirih Hijau Terhadap Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Pharmaceutical-Care Anwar Medika. 2022;5(1): 1-14.

Zar'ah NA, Syachruddin, Kusmiyati. The Effect of Green Betel Leaves (Piper betle L.) Extract on Wounding Healing in Mice (Mus musculus L.). Jurnal Biologi Tropis. 2021;21(1):103-11.

Carvalho MTB, Araújo-Filho HG, Barreto AS, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Quintans JSS, Barreto RSS. Wound healing properties of flavonoids: A systematic review highlighting the mechanisms of action. Phytomedicine. 2021;90: 153636.

Pradhan D, Suri DKA, Pradhan DDK, Biswasroy P. Golden Heart of the Nature: Piper betle L. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2013. 1(6):147-67

Al-Kindy DW. Pengaruh Pemberian Salep Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper betle L.) Terhadap Ekspresi IL-6 dan Ketebalan Epidermis pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Model Luka Insisi dengan Infeksi Methicillin-Resistance Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA). Tesis. Universitas Brawijaya; 2018.

Estikomah SA, Amal ASS, Safaatsih SF. Uji Daya Hambat Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Propionibacterium acnes Gel Semprot Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) Karbopol 940. Journal of Islamic Pharmacy. 2021;5(1):36-53.

Rizal R, Salman, Maharani V. Formulasi Sediaan Spray Gel Ekstrak Etanol Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) dan Uji Daya Tabir Surya. Jurnal Sains Farmasi dan Kesehatan. 2023;1(1):48-59.

Hidayat R, Wulandari P. Methods of Extraction: Maceration, Percolation and Decoction. Eureka Herba Indonesia. 2021;2(1):73-9.

Anggoro N, Endriyatno NC. Formulasi gel ekstrak daun sirih cina (Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth) variasi carbopol 940 serta uji fisik dan stabilitasnya. Sasambo Journal of Pharmacy. 2024;5(1):46-54.

Indalifiany A, Zubaydah WS, Kasim ER. Formulasi Spray Gel Ekstrak Etanol Batang Etlingera rubroloba Menggunakan HPMC sebagai Gelling Agent. Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan. 2023;5(2):140-8.

Kamishita T, Miyaaki T, Okunp Y. Spray Gel Base and Spray Gel Preparation Using Thereof; US Patent US5158761A. 1992, 27 Oktober

Karlina DW, Noval N, Yuwindry I. Formulasi dan Evaluasi Nano Spray Gel dengan Ekstrak Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) sebagai Antioksidan dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Carbopol 940. Jurnal Surya Medika. 2024;10(2): 289-301

Ighodaro OM, Adeosun AM, Akinloye OA. Alloxan-induced diabetes, a common model for evaluating the glycemic-control potential of therapeutic compounds and plants extracts in experimental studies. Medicina (Kaunas). 2017;53(6):365-74.

Candra S, Susilawati E, Adnyana IK. Pengaruh Gel Ekstrak Daun Kerehau (Callicarpa longifolia Lam.) Terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Pada Model Tikus Diabetes. Kartika Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi. 2019;6(2):70-80.

Rao PS, Subramanayam G. Induction of Diabetes by Alloxan in Male Wistar Albino Rats-A Simplified Methodology. European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science. 2017;4(11):68-75.

Purba MNB, Meutia R, Karo RMB. Efektivitas Gel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Insulin (Tithonia diversifolia Hemsl) A. Gray) Sebagai Penyembuh Luka pada Tikus Diabetes. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai. 2024;5(3): 9889-98.

Nismawati RS, Sjahril R, Agus R. Deteksi Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pada Pasien Rumah Sakit Universitas Hasanuddin dengan Metode Kultur. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Megabiodiversitas Indonesia. 2018;4(1):15-21.

Sekhi RJ. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Review Article. European Scholar Journal. 2022;3(3):78-84.

Muttaqien YV, Purnama ER. Kadar Glukosa Darah dan Penyembuhan Ulkus Mencit Diabetes Setelah Perlakuan Ekstrak Daun Bakau Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. Lentera Bio. 2024;13(1):55-64.

Amfotis ML, Suarni NMR, Arpiwi NL. Wound Healing of Cuts in the Skin of White Rat (Rattus norvegicus) is Given Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) Leaf Extract. Metamorfosa Journal of Biological Sciences. 2022;9(1):139.

Cendana Y, Adrianta KA, Suena NMDS. Formulasi Spray Gel Minyak Atsiri Kayu Cendana (Santalum album L.) sebagai Salah Satu Kandidat Sediaan Anti Inflamasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento. 2021;7(2):84-9.

Puspita W, Puspasari H, Shabrina A. Formulasi dan Stabilitas Fisik Gel Semprot Ekstrak Daun Buas-buas (Premna serratifolia L.). Pharmacon Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia. 2021;(2020):1-8.

Samudra AG, Ramadhani N, Fitriani D, Putri D. Perbandingan Metode Ekstraksi Maserasi dan Sokletasi. Seminar Nasional Hasil Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat LP2M UST Jogja. 2022.

Jaya FK, Hasnah S. Comparative Analysis of Maceration and Soxhlation Extraction for The Total Flavonoid Content of Sungkai Leaves (Peronema canescens Jack.). Jurnal Ilmiah Berkala Sains dan Terapan Kimia. 2024;18(1): 19-30.

Sankeshwari R, Ankola A, Bhat K, Hullatti K. Soxhlet versus cold maceration: Which method gives better antimicrobial activity to licorice extract against Streptococcus mutans?. Journal of Scientific Society. 2018;45(2):67.

Yasaroh S, Christijanti W, Lisdiana L, Iswari RS. Efek Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Tikus Diabetes Induksi Aloksan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biologi. 2021;9: 224-9.

Nurlina, Hasanuddin F, Rahmawati, Harmawati, Aryuninda M. Analisis Perawatan dan Penyembuhan Luka Pasien Diabetes Meliitus Tipe 2. Jurnal Mitrasehat. 2025;15(1):810-4.

Riana A, Jeffrey J. Hubungan Glukosa Darah Terhadap Proses Penyembuhan Luka Pasca Operasi di Rumah Sakit Sumber Waras di Jakarta. Ebers Papyrus. 2021;27(2):50-6.

Suharto IPS, Ramayanti ED, Yunalia EM, Ulfa N. Betel Leaf Extract’s Effect (Piper Batle Linn) on The Healing Process of Incision Wounds in Rats (Rattus Norvegicus). Jurnal Pendidikan Keperawatan Indonesia. 2021;7(2):123-8.

Kurniawati D, Rukmi I, Lunggani AT. Aktivitas Antimikroba Kombinasi Rebusan Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper betle) dan Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) Terhadap Candida albicans. Jurnal Biologi. 2014;3(1):55-61.

Wahyuningtyas ES, Wijayatri R, Handayani E. The Effectiveness of Combination of Piper betle L. ethanol Extract and Manuka Honey Spray Gel to Accelerating Acute Wound Healing. E3S Web Conference. 2024;500:04003.

Dubey DV, Yadav S, Jaiswal JK, Devi A. Piper Betle: Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Therapeutic Applications. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications. 2023;8(5):964-72.

Adiprama GSP, Me H. Perbandingan Penyembuhan Luka Superfisial Pasca Eksisi Shave Dengan Kontak Larutan NaCL 0.9% dan Kelompok Tidak Diberi Larutan NaCL 0.9%. Jurnal Inovasi Global. 2023;3(3): 608-23.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/ijpst.v12i3.63060