Two-Dimensional Resistivity Structure and Deep Aquifer Characterization in the Haruman Volcanic Area, West Java, Indonesia: An Audio Magnetotelluric Investigation
Abstract
Groundwater availability in volcanic terrains is strongly controlled by lithological heterogeneity, structural discontinuities, and the hydraulic characteristics of volcanic deposits. The western slope of Mount Haruman, located within the southern recharge area of the Bandung–Soreang Groundwater Basin, represents an important groundwater catchment in West Java, Indonesia. Previous hydrogeophysical investigations using DC resistivity successfully identified shallow unconfined aquifers at depths less than 40 m; however, the geometry and continuity of deeper groundwater systems remain poorly understood. This study employs the Audio Magnetotelluric (AMT) method to delineate the distribution of deep aquifers beneath the Haruman volcanic complex. Six AMT stations were acquired using a Phoenix MTU-5A system. Time-series data were processed through robust remote-reference techniques, transformed into the frequency domain, and inverted using one-dimensional Occam inversion and two-dimensional inversion implemented in WinGLink software. The resulting resistivity models reveal significant lateral and vertical variations associated with volcanic lithological sequences. Low- to moderate-resistivity zones are interpreted as permeable volcanic tuffs and fractured volcanic rocks saturated by groundwater, whereas high-resistivity bodies correspond to compact lava flows and volcanic breccias acting as aquifuges. The interpreted deep aquifer system extends considerably deeper than previously reported shallow groundwater systems, indicating multiple groundwater-bearing horizons within the volcanic sequence. These findings demonstrate that AMT provides an effective approach for imaging deep groundwater systems in complex volcanic environments and contributes valuable information for sustainable groundwater exploration and conservation within the Bandung Groundwater Basin.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jiif.v10i2.72186
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