Aktivitas antibiofilm ekstrak etanol daun saga (Abrus precatorius) terhadap biofilm bakteri Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans pada pengujian menggunakan MtPB assay: experimental laboratoris

Annisa Liontyn Adies Putri; Meylida Ichsyani; Christiana Cahyani Prihastuti

doi:10.24198/jkg.v36i3.57014

Aktivitas antibiofilm ekstrak etanol daun saga (Abrus precatorius) terhadap biofilm bakteri Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans pada pengujian menggunakan MtPB assay: experimental laboratoris

Annisa Liontyn Adies Putri, Meylida Ichsyani, Christiana Cahyani Prihastuti

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans merupakan flora normal pembentuk biofilm di rongga mulut. Peningkatan jumlah bakteri ini secara berlebihan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya periodontitis agresif dengan prevalensi mencapai 90% sehingga berperan penting dalam peningkatan keparahan periodontitis agresif secara cepat. Daun saga (Abrus precatorius) memiliki aktivitas farmakologis seperti antitumor, antidiabetik, antihelmintes, dan antimikroba dengan kandungan fitokimia berupa tanin, saponin, flavonoid, steroid, dan alkaloid. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antibiofilm ekstrak etanol daun saga terhadap biofilm A. actinomycetemcomitans berfokus pada aktivitas degradasi dan penghambatan pembentukan biofilm. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode MtPB menggunakan pewarna kristal violet. Ekstrak diuji pada berbagai konsentrasi bertingkat yaitu 0,39, 0,78, 1,56, 3,125, 6,25, 12,5, 25, dan 50 (mg/mL) yang dibandingkan terhadap kontrol negatif DMSO 1% serta kontrol positif amoksisilin+metronidazol 30 µg/mL. Data yang didapatkan melalui desain penelitian posttest only control group design kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis statistik one-way ANOVA dan analisis regresi linier Hasil: Hasil uji degradasi dan penghambatan pembentukan biofilm menunjukkan aktivitas pada seluruh kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif (p≤0,05). Ekstrak etanol daun saga konsentrasi 25 mg/mL memiliki kemampuan degradasi sebesar 76,13% serta sudah mampu menyamai kemampuan degradasi kelompok kontrol positif (p>0,05) dan mulai dari konsentrasi 1,56 mg/mL sudah menghambat biofilm mulai dari 37,52% sehingga mampu menyamai dan konsentrasi melebihi kemampuan penghambatan pembentukan biofilm A. actinomycetemcomitans pada kelompok kontrol positif. Nilai Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration (MBEC₅₀) terdapat pada konsentrasi 4,44 mg/mL sedangkan nilai Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration (MBIC₅₀₎ pada konsentrasi 2,96 mg/mL. Simpulan: ekstrak etanol daun saga memiliki aktivitas antibiofilm terhadap bakteri A. actinomycetemcomitans.

Antibiofilm activity of ethanol extract of saga leaf (Abrus precatorius) on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Biofilm: experimental laboratoris
Introduction: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a normal flora that forms biofilms in the oral cavity. An excessive increase in the number of these bacteria can cause inflammation of the periodontal tissue called periodontitis. A. actinomycetemcomitans has the main virulence of leukotoxin which can weaken the immune cell response to pathogenic bacteria with a prevalence in aggressive periodontitis reaching 90% so it plays an important role in the rapid increase in the severity of aggressive periodontitis. Saga leaves (Abrus precatorius) have pharmacological activities such as antitumor, antidiabetic, antihelminthic, and antimicrobial with phytochemical content in the form of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, and alkaloids. The research aims to analyze the antibiofilm activity of ethanol extract of saga leaves against A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilms by looking at the degradation activity and inhibition of biofilm formation. Method: The research was carried out using the MtPB method using crystal violet dye. The extract was tested at various graded concentrations, namely 0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 (mg/mL) which were compared to the negative control 1% DMSO and the positive control amoxicillin +metronidazole 30 µg/mL. Data obtained through the posttest only control group design were then analyzed using one-way ANOVA statistical analysis and linear regression. Results: The results of the degradation and inhibition of biofilm formation tests showed activity in all treatment groups compared to the negative control (p≤0.05). The ethanol extract of saga leaves at a concentration of 25 mg/mL was able to match the degradation ability of the positive control group (p>0.05) and starting from a concentration of 1.56 mg/mL was able to match and exceed the ability to inhibit A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm formation in the positive control group. The MBEC50 value is found at a concentration of 4.44 mg/mL while the MBIC50 value is at 2.96 mg/mL. Conclusion: ethanol extract of saga leaves has anti-biofilm activity against the bacteria A. actinomycetemcomitans.

Keywords

Abrus precatorius L., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, biofilm, periodontitis agresif,microtiter plate assay.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jkg.v36i3.57014