Differences in the effectiveness of chlorhexidine mouthwash with and without cetylpyridinium chloride in the healing of minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis: an experimental study
Abstract
Perbedaan efektivitas obat kumur klorheksidin dengan dan tanpa cetylpyridinium chloride dalam penyembuhan stomatitis aftosa rekuren tipe minor: studi eksperimental
Pendahuluan: Stomatitis aftosa rekuren (SAR) tipe minor merupakan ulser pada mulut yang paling sering dijumpai. Terapi awal yang dapat digunakan adalah antiseptik topikal seperti klorheksidin yang dapat membantu proses penyembuhan. Penggunaan klorheksidin di rongga mulut dapat menimbulkan efek samping, sehingga dikembangkan kombinasi dengan antiseptik lain seperti cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan efektivitas klorheksidin dengan dan tanpa CPC dalam mengurangi ukuran dan nyeri ulser pada pasien SAR tipe minor. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan desain randomized controlled trial (RCT) dan double blind pada 32 subjek yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok I menerima obat kumur kombinasi klorheksidin dan CPC, sedangkan kelompok II menerima obat kumur klorheksidin. Ukuran ulser diukur menggunakan periodontal probe dan tingkat nyeri dinilai dengan visual analog scale (VAS) pada hari ke-1, serta hari ke-3 dan ke-7 pasca intervensi. Hasil: Terdapat penurunan ukuran ulser dan tingkat rasa nyeri pada kedua kelompok dari hari ke-1 hingga hari ke-7 tanpa perbedaan yang signifikan antar kelompok (p>0,05). Namun, kelompok kombinasi klorheksidin dan CPC menunjukkan rata-rata ukuran ulser yang lebih rendah pada hari ke-7 dibandingkan kelompok klorheksidin. Simpulan: Penggunaan obat kumur klorheksidin dengan dan tanpa CPC memiliki efektivitas yang serupa dalam mengurangi ukuran ulser dan rasa nyeri pada pasien SAR tipe minor.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Oliveira MJ, Coimbra F, Mesquita P, Carvalho J, Pereira-Lopes O. Characterization of recurrent aphthous stomatitis in a young population. Rev Port Estomatol Med Dent Cir Maxilofac. 2018;59(1):10–7. https://doi.org/10.24873/j.rpemd.2018.06.222
Conejero del Mazo R, García Forcén L, Navarro Aguilar ME. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Med Clin (Engl Ed). 2023;161(6):251–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcle.2023.05.014
Hernawati S. Management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis in a patient with high recurrence frequency. Health Notions. 2020;4(4):102–8. https://doi.org/10.33846/hn40401
Reddy SM, Kumar Vadivel J, Ramalingam K. Prevalence of aphthous stomatitis: a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Cureus. 2023;15:e49288. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.49288
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Laporan nasional Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan; 2019. h. 1-2.
Sánchez J, Conejero C, Conejero R. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. *Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed)*. 2020;111(6):471–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adengl.2019.09.006
Edgar NR, Saleh D, Miller RA. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a review. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2017;10(3):26–36.
Queiroz SIML, Silva MVA, Medeiros AMC, Oliveira PT, Gurgel BCV, Silveira EJD. Recurrent aphthous ulceration: an epidemiological study of etiological factors, treatment and differential diagnosis. An Bras Dermatol. 2018;93(3):341–6. https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20186228
Glick M, Greenberg MS, Lockhart PB, Challacombe SJ. Burket’s oral medicine. 13th ed. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons; 2021. p. 52–55.
Odell EW. Cawson’s essentials of oral pathology and oral medicine. 9th ed. Elsevier; 2017. p. 256–259.
Manfredini M, Guida S, Giovani M, Lippolis N, Spinas E, Farnetani F, et al. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis: treatment and management. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2021;11:e2021099. https://doi.org/10.5826/dpc.1104a99
Zakaria M, Abdelwhab A, Hassan S. Effectiveness of topical hyaluronic acid versus chlorhexidine mouthwashes in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a randomized clinical trial. Egypt Dent J. 2020;66(3):1537–43. https://doi.org/10.21608/edj.2020.26938.1092
Sajjan P, Laxminarayan N, Kar P. Chlorhexidine as an antimicrobial agent in dentistry: a review. Oral Health Dent Manag. 2019;15(2):93–100.
Kumar SB. Chlorhexidine mouthwash: a review. J Pharm Sci Res. 2017;9:1450–2.
Brookes ZLS, Bescos R, Belfield LA, Ali K, Roberts A. Current uses of chlorhexidine for management of oral disease: a narrative review. J Dent. 2020;103:103497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103497
Poppolo Deus F, Ouanounou A. Chlorhexidine in dentistry: pharmacology, uses, and adverse effects. Int Dent J. 2022;72(3):269–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2022.01.005
Rusjianto H, Amtha R, Marwati E, Febrina S. Obat topikal untuk lesi mulut: pemilihan dan cara aplikasi. Jakarta: EGC; 2019. h. 1-3.
Sari NDAM, Mahendra PKW. A case study of using chlorhexidine gluconate for mouth ulcer care. J Holist Nurs Sci. 2023;10(2):118–22. https://doi.org/10.31603/nursing.v10i2.8954
Pulcini A, Bollaín J, Sanz-Sánchez I, Figuero E, Alonso B, Sanz M, et al. Clinical effects of adjunctive chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium chloride mouth rinse. J Clin Periodontol. 2019;46(3):342–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13088
Bollain J, Pulcini A, Sanz-Sánchez I, Figuero E, Alonso B, Sanz M, et al. Efficacy of chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium chloride mouth rinse. Clin Oral Investig. 2021;25(4):1729–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03474-3
Becker K, Brunello G, Scotti L, Drescher D, John G. Efficacy of chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash. Antibiotics. 2021;10(6):730. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10060730
K N, KVS, Shihab KKM. A review on cetylpyridinium chloride. Int J Res Rev. 2021;8(4):439–45. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210453
Mao X, Auer DL, Buchalla W, Hiller KA, Maisch T, Hellwig E, et al. Cetylpyridinium chloride: mechanism and antimicrobial efficacy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020;64(8):e00576-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00576-20
Afifah M, Herawati E, Hidayat W. Faktor predisposisi stomatitis aftosa rekuren minor. Padjadjaran J Dent Res Stud. 2022;6(3):282. https://doi.org/10.24198/pjdrs.v6i3.33554
Darwis AF, Lailani D. Karakteristik lesi stomatitis aftosa rekuren. Stomatognatic. 2022;19(2):65. https://doi.org/10.19184/stoma.v19i2.34724
Wang Z, Cao H, Xiong J, Lu Y, Deng Y, Nan H, et al. Recent advances in aetiology of RAS. Postgrad Med J. 2022;98(1155):57–66. https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139421
Rodríguez-Archilla A, Raissouni T. Estudio clínico de estomatitis aftosa recurrente. Gac Med Mex. 2018;154(2). https://doi.org/10.24875/GMM.18002503
Nur’aeny N, Sufiawati I, Suwarsa O, Gurnida DA. Serum IL-6 levels in RAS patients. Padj J Dent. 2019;31(1):20. https://doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol31no1.21223
Qisty MA, Wahyuni IS, Nur’aeny N. Nutritional status of RAS patients: systematic review. J Int Dent Med Res. 2022;15(3):1379–84.
Nur’aeny N, Gurnida DA, Suwarsa O, Sufiawati I. Serum IL-6, ROS, and cortisol in RAS. J Math Fund Sci. 2020;52(3):286–96. https://doi.org/10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2020.52.3.3
Nur’aeny N, Gurnida DA, Suwarsa O, Sufiawati I. DNA methylation on IL6 mRNA in RAS. Int J Dent. 2021;2021:5560695. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5560695
Prihanti AM, Setyowati DI, Dewi LR. Management of RAS with psychological stress. UNEJ e-Proceeding. 2022:66–70.
Plewa MC, Chatterjee K. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. In: Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2023.p. 1-2.
Pérez-Errázuriz S, Velasco-Ortega E, Jiménez-Guerra Á, Aguilera-Navarro E. Cetylpyridinium chloride against COVID-19. *Int J Odontostomatol. 2021;15(1):27–30. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-381X2021000100027
Yarahmadi N, Hashemian F, Hosseini Doust R. Clinical effects of chlorhexidine and CPC. J Pharm Care. 2020. https://doi.org/10.18502/jpc.v8i3.4545
Benahmed AG, Noor S, Menzel A, Gasmi A. Oral aphthous: pathophysiology and treatment. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol. 2021;76(5):1155–63. https://doi.org/10.22092/ari.2021.356055.1767
Cui RZ, Bruce AJ, Rogers RS. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Clin Dermatol. 2016;34(4):475–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.02.020
da Silveira Teixeira D, de Figueiredo MAZ, Cherubini K, de Oliveira SD, Salum FG. Effect of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine in oral wounds. Stomatologija. 2019;21(2):35–41.
Samanth SA, Varghese SS. Effective concentration of chlorhexidine mouthwash. J Pharm Sci Res. 2017;9(2):233–6.
Fiorillo L. Chlorhexidine gel use in oral district. Gels. 2019;5(2):31. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels5020031
Haught JC, Xie S, Circello B, Tansky CS, Khambe D, Sun Y, et al. Antimicrobials in oral care formulations. Am J Dent. 2016;29(6):328–32.
Garrido L, Lyra P, Rodrigues J, Viana J, Mendes JJ, Barroso H. Oral antiseptics effectiveness. J Pers Med. 2023;13(9):1332. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13091332
James P, Worthington HV, Parnell C, Harding M, Lamont T, Cheung A, et al. Chlorhexidine mouthrinse for gingival health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;CD008676. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008676.pub2
Oktanauli P, Taher P, Prakasa AD. Efek obat kumur beralkohol terhadap jaringan rongga mulut. J Ilm Teknol Ket Gi. 2017;13(1):4. https://doi.org/10.32509/jitekgi.v13i1.850
Mughal SS. Peppermint oil and its effects on human health. 2022. https://doi.org/10.22541/au.166401168.86712355/v1
Malekmohammad K, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Sardari S, Sewell RDE. Toxicological effects of peppermint. Toxin Rev. 2021;40(4):445–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2019.1647545
Yazicioglu O, Ucuncu MK, Guven K. Ingredients in mouthwashes. Int Dent J. 2024;74(2):223–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2023.08.004
Ibáñez-Mancera NG, López-Callejas R, Toral-Rizo VH, Rodríguez-Méndez BG, Lara-Carrillo E, Peña-Eguiluz R, et al. Healing of RAS by non-thermal plasma. Biomedicines. 2023;11(1):167. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010167
Sunardi SU, Rahardjo TBW, Baziad A, Ibrahim E. Estrogen receptor beta in RAS. 2017;10:711–4.
Widyastutik O, Permadi A. Faktor stomatitis aftosa rekuren. J Kesmas Khatulistiwa. 2017;4(3):218. https://doi.org/10.29406/jkmk.v4i3.853
Priambodo NT, Hendarti HT, Kharimah A. Multidisciplinary management of RAS triggered by depression. DENTA. 2021;15(1):39–44. https://doi.org/10.30649/denta.v15i1.6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jkg.v38i1.64962
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran
All publications by the Universitas Padjadjaran [e-ISSN: 2549-6514, p-ISSN: 0854-6002] are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.This license requires that reusers give credit to the creator. It allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, for noncommercial purposes only.

.png)

