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Manifestasi oral pada ibu hamil berdasarkan perbedaan trimester kehamilan
Oral manifestations in pregnant women based on trimester differences
Abstract
Pendahuluan: Kehamilan merupakan suatu kondisi yang membawa berbagai macam perubahan pada wanita bahkan pada wanita hamil dengan kondisi fisik yang sehat. Hal tersebut dapat terjadi karena perubahan metabolisme, perubahan respon imun, serta perubahan hormon. Keterkaitan antara faktor-faktor pemicu tersebut, secara tidak langsung dapat menimbulkan berbagai macam manifestasi oral pada ibu hamil, seperti epulis gravidarum, coated tongue, cheilitis exfoliative, geographic tongue, fissured tongue, RAS, atrophic glossitis, dan cheilitis angularis. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui manifestasi oral pada ibu hamil berdasarkan perbedaan trimester kehamilan. Metode: Penelitian ini mengunakan metode deskriptif observatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini ialah seluruh pasien ibu hamil yang datang untuk berobat ke Puskesmas Garuda Bandung. Sampel dalam penelitian ini diambil berdasarkan teknik purposive sampling dan accidental sampling yaitu jumlah sampel yang diambil berdasarkan pasien ibu hamil yang datang untuk berobat ke Puskesmas Garuda Bandung, bersedia untuk dilakukan penelitian, serta memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi dengan batas waktu yang telah ditetapkan. Data diperoleh dengan melakukan tanya jawab mengenai kondisi umum, serta pemeriksaan rongga mulut pasien ibu hamil. Hasil: Manifestasi oral yang paling banyak timbul pada ibu hamil adalah coated tongue yaitu terjadi pada 54 orang (78,26%). Coated tongue paling banyak ditemukan pada trimester III kehamilan yaitu sebanyak 31 orang (42,03%) dan exfoliative cheilitis sebanyak 21 orang. Hasil penelitian tidak menemukan adanya cheilitis angularis. Simpulan: Coated tongue menjadi manifestasi orang yang paling banyak ditemukan pada rongga mulut ibu hamil yang merata pada semua trimester.
Kata kunci: Kehamilan, manifestasi oral.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Pregnancy is a condition that induces various changes in women, even in healthy pregnant women. This condition may occur due to changes in metabolism, immune response, and hormonal system. The relation between these triggers may indirectly lead to various oral manifestations in pregnant women, such as epulis gravidarum, coated tongue, exfoliative cheilitis, geographic tongue, fissured tongue, recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), atrophic glossitis, and angular cheilitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the oral manifestations in pregnant women based on trimester differences. Methods: This research was a descriptive observational with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were all pregnant women who came for treatment to the Garuda Community Health Centre, Bandung. The sample in this study was taken based on purposive sampling and accidental sampling techniques, which were pregnant women who came for treatment to the Garuda Community Health Centre, Bandung, willing to participate in the research, and meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria within a predetermined time limit. Data was obtained through questions and answers regarding general conditions, as well as examining the oral cavity of pregnant women. Results: The results of data analysis showed that the most frequent oral manifestations in pregnant women was coated tongue, which was found in 54 respondents (78.26%). The most common oral manifestations found on the first to the third trimester of gestational period was coated tongue, coated tongue most commonly found in the third trimester, which was found in 31 respondents (42.03%) and exfoliative cheilitis in 21 respondents. Angular cheilitis was not found in all respondents. Conclusion: The coated tongue is the most common oral manifestation in pregnant women which is evenly distributed in all trimesters.
Keywords: Pregnancy, oral manifestations.
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/pjdrs.v4i2.25261
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