Ekslusi Sosial Di Balik Pembangunan Monumen Reog Dan Museum Peradaban

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Pembangunan Monumen Reog dan Museum Perababan (MRMP) di Desa Sampung, Kabupaten Ponorogo, diproyeksikan sebagai simbol identitas budaya sekaligus strategi peningkatan ekonomi daerah, namun di sisi lain memunculkan persoalan eksklusi sosial terhadap komunitas penambang batu gamping yang telah menggantungkan hidupnya selama puluhan tahun pada sektor tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pembangunan MRMP, menganalisis mekanisme terjadinya eksklusi sosial, implikasinya terhadap kehidupan sosial-ekonomi masyarakat,. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus melalui teknik observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan model Miles dan Huberman, serta dipahami menggunakan teori eksklusi sosial Tania Li yang menekankan empat kekuasaan: regulasi, kekuatan, pasar, dan legitimasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksklusi sosial terjadi melalui dua tahap, yakni pencabutan izin pertambangan Perumda Sari Gunung dan pembangunan MRMP di atas lahan bekas tambang. Dampaknya meliputi hilangnya mata pencaharian utama, penurunan pendapatan, peralihan kerja ke sektor informal, serta munculnya konflik sosial. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa pembangunan berbasis pariwisata yang tidak sepenuhnya partisipatif berpotensi mereproduksi ketimpangan sosial meskipun dibalut narasi kemajuan dan pelestarian budaya.

Kata Kunci: Eksklusi sosial, pembangunan pariwisata, Monumen Reog Museum P, masyarakat penambang

ABSTRACT

The construction of the Reog Monument and Museum of Civilization (MRMP) in Sampung Village, Ponorogo Regency, is projected as a symbol of cultural identity as well as a strategy for improving the regional economy. However, on the other hand, it raises the issue of social exclusion for the limestone mining community who have depended on this sector for their livelihood for decades. This study aims to describe the construction of the MRMP, analyze the mechanisms of social exclusion, and its implications for the community's socio-economic life. The study uses a qualitative approach with a case study design through observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. Data analysis is carried out using the Miles and Huberman model and is understood using Tania Li's social exclusion theory which emphasizes four powers: regulation, power, market, and legitimacy. The results show that social exclusion occurs in two stages: the revocation of the Perumda Sari Gunung mining permit and the construction of the MRMP on ex-mining land. The impacts include the loss of primary livelihoods, decreased income, the shift of work to the informal sector, and the emergence of social conflict. This study concludes that tourism-based development that is not fully participatory has the potential to reproduce social inequality even though it is wrapped in a narrative of progress and cultural preservation.

Keywords: Social exclusion, tourism development, Reog Museum P Monument, mining community