Dinamika Kerentanan dan Strategi Penghidupan Masyarakat Pesisir Tambak Lorok dalam Perspektif Sustainable Livelihoods Framework

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Wilayah pesisir merupakan ruang hidup yang rentan terhadap tekanan ekologis dan sosial ekonomi, terutama bagi rumah tangga nelayan skala kecil yang bergantung pada sumber daya alam. Di Indonesia, perubahan iklim, degradasi lingkungan pesisir, dan transformasi sektor perikanan meningkatkan ketidakpastian penghidupan. Namun, studi sebelumnya cenderung memisahkan aspek ekonomi dan lingkungan serta belum menempatkan modal sosial sebagai strategi adaptif dalam kerentanan yang kompleks. Selain itu, penggunaan Sustainable Livelihoods Framework sering belum menekankan vulnerability context pada tingkat lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kerentanan penghidupan rumah tangga nelayan di Tambak Lorok, Semarang, serta peran modal sosial dalam meresponsnya. Pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan studi kasus eksplanatori digunakan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan data sekunder, dianalisis dengan SLF pada aspek shocks, trends, dan seasonality. Hasil menunjukkan kerentanan multidimensi akibat tekanan lingkungan, perubahan struktural, dan fluktuasi musiman. Modal sosial berfungsi sebagai adaptasi defensif, tetapi belum mampu mengatasi kerentanan struktural jangka panjang secara efektif dan berkelanjutan bagi nelayan lokal.

Kata kunci: Kerentanan Penghidupan, Modal Sosial, Nelayan Pesisir, Tambak Lorok

ABSTRACT

Coastal areas are living spaces that are vulnerable to ecological and socio-economic pressures, particularly for small-scale fishing households that depend on natural resources. In Indonesia, climate change, coastal environmental degradation, and transformations in the fisheries sector are increasing livelihood uncertainty. However, previous studies have tended to separate economic and environmental aspects and have not positioned social capital as an adaptive strategy within this complex vulnerability. Furthermore, the application of the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework has often failed to emphasise the vulnerability context at the local level. This study aims to analyse the livelihood vulnerability of fishing households in Tambak Lorok, Semarang, and the role of social capital in responding to it. A descriptive qualitative approach with an explanatory case study was employed, utilising interviews, observations, and secondary data, analysed using the SLF across the dimensions of shocks, trends, and seasonality. The results indicate multidimensional vulnerability resulting from environmental pressures, structural changes, and seasonal fluctuations. Social capital functions as a defensive adaptation, but has not yet been able to effectively and sustainably address long-term structural vulnerabilities for local fishermen.

Keywords: Vulnerability Context, Social Capital, Coastal Fishermen, Tambak Lorok.