Fragmentasi Modal Sosial Dalam Pengembangan Kawasan Perdagangan Lama Di Jakarta Pusat (Studi Kasus Pasar Baru, Pecenongan, Dan Juanda)
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Kawasan perdagangan lama merupakan ruang sosial-ekonomi yang memiliki nilai historis dan berperan penting dalam dinamika perkotaan. Namun, berbagai penelitian terdahulu lebih banyak menitikberatkan pada aspek revitalisasi fisik, ekonomi, dan pariwisata, sementara dinamika fragmentasi modal sosial sebagai faktor yang memengaruhi pengembangan kawasan masih relatif kurang mendapat perhatian. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana fragmentasi modal sosial membentuk pola relasi antaraktor serta implikasinya terhadap pengembangan kawasan perdagangan lama di Pasar Baru, Pecenongan, dan Juanda (PPJ), Jakarta Pusat. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi lapangan, dan dokumentasi terhadap pedagang formal, pedagang kaki lima, pekerja informal, pengelola kawasan, tokoh komunitas, serta perwakilan institusi terkait. Analisis dilakukan secara tematik dengan menggunakan kerangka modal sosial Woolcock yaitu bonding, bridging, dan linking. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal sosial bonding berkembang kuat di dalam kelompok-kelompok internal, tetapi lemahnya modal sosial bridging dan linking menciptakan fragmentasi relasi antaraktor yang menghambat koordinasi, kolaborasi, dan pembentukan visi kolektif dalam pengembangan kawasan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan kawasan perdagangan lama tidak cukup ditentukan oleh keberadaan modal sosial, tetapi oleh keseimbangan dan keterhubungan antar dimensi modal sosial. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi teoretis dengan memperluas pemahaman mengenai hubungan antara fragmentasi modal sosial dan pengembangan kawasan perdagangan lama dalam konteks perkotaan Indonesia, sekaligus memberikan implikasi praktis bahwa penguatan jejaring lintas aktor serta hubungan yang lebih inklusif antara masyarakat dan institusi formal merupakan prasyarat bagi keberlanjutan kawasan perdagangan lama.
Kata kunci: Fragmentasi Modal Sosial, Kawasan Perdagangan Lama, Pengembangan Kawasan
ABSTRACT
The old trade area is a socio-economic space that has historical value and plays an important role in urban dynamics. However, various previous studies have focused more on the aspects of physical, economic, and tourism revitalization, while the dynamics of social capital fragmentation as a factor affecting regional development have received relatively little attention. This study aims to analyze how the fragmentation of social capital shapes the pattern of relations between actors and its implications for the development of old trade areas in Pasar Baru, Pecenongan, and Juanda (PPJ), Central Jakarta. The research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation of formal traders, street vendors, informal workers, area managers, community leaders, and representatives of related institutions. The analysis was carried out thematically using the social capital framework from Woolcock of bonding, bridging, and linking. The results show that social capital bonding develops strongly within internal groups, but weak social capital bridging and linking creates fragmentation of relationships between actors that hinder coordination, collaboration, and the formation of a collective vision in regional development. These findings show that the development of the old trade zone is not sufficiently determined by the existence of social capital, but by the balance and interconnectedness between the dimensions of social capital. This research makes a theoretical contribution by broadening the understanding of the relationship between social capital fragmentation and the development of old trade zones in the context of urban Indonesia, while providing practical implications that strengthening cross-actor networks and more inclusive relationships between communities and formal institutions are prerequisites for the sustainability of old trade zones.
Keywords: Social Capital Fragmentation, Old Trade Zones, Regional Development
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