Model Pendampingan Kelembagaan Masyarakat Pesisir Berbasis Modal Sosial Di Sekitar Pelabuhan PT Arutmin Indonesia-NPLCT

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Masyarakat pesisir di sekitar Pelabuhan batubara PT Arutmin Indonesia-NPLCT di Desa Sarang Tiung menghadapi kerentanan sosial ekonomi berupa ketergantungan nelayan pada lemahnya kelembagaan lokal, serta terbatasnya akses terhadap peluang pemberdayaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis modal sosial yang dimiliki masyarakat dan merumuskan model awal strategi pemberdayaan berbasis modal sosial yang relevan dengan konteks Desa Sarang Tiung. Pendekatan kualitatif partisipatif digunakan melalui kombinasi Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), Focus Group Discussion (FGD), dan pemetaan sosial yang diadaptasi untuk memetakan jaringan kepercayaan, relasi kekuasaan, dan posisi aktor kunci dalam sistem sosial-ekonomi pesisir. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan adanya modal sosial kuat berupa solidaritas, kerja sama, dan norma lokal antar kelompok, namun terhambat oleh rendahnya literasi keuangan, ketergantungan ekonomi pada penadah, peran pemuda dan perempuan yang belum optimal, serta keterbatasan akses pasar. Penelitian ini menghasilkan prototipe model berbasis modal sosial yang menempatkan kelembagaan nelayan sebagai node utama jejaring kolaborasi desa lembaga pendidikan mitra eksternal dan menjadi landasan bagi perancangan program pemberdayaan yang berkelanjutan di kawasan pesisir sekitar pelabuhan.

Kata kunci: Masyarakat Pesisir, Pelembagaan Masyarakat,, Modal Sosial

ABSTRACT

Coastal communities living around PT Arutmin Indonesia-NPLCT coal port in Sarang Tiung Village face socio‑economic vulnerabilities in the form of fishermen’s dependence on intermediaries, weak local institutions, and limited access to empowerment opportunities. This study aims to analyze the social capital of the community and to formulate an initial model of a social capital–based empowerment strategy that is relevant to the context of Sarang Tiung Village. A participatory qualitative approach was employed by combining Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and social mapping, which were adapted to map networks of trust, power relations, and the positions of key actors within the coastal socio‑economic system. The findings reveal strong social capital in the form of solidarity, cooperation, and local norms across groups, but this is constrained by low financial literacy, economic dependence on middlemen, the sub‑optimal roles of youth and women, and limited market access. This study produces a prototype social capital–based model that positions fishermen’s organizations as the main node in a collaboration network linking the village, educational institutions, and external partners, and serves as a foundation for designing sustainable empowerment programs in coastal areas surrounding the port.

Keywords: Coastal Communities, Community Institutionalization, Social Capital