Kebersihan mulut pada penderita Diabetes Mellitus tipe 1  Oral hygiene of Diabetes Mellitus type 1 patients

Dinda Aulia Istiqomah; Janti Rusjanti; Amaliya Amaliya

doi:10.24198/jkg.v29i1.18603

Kebersihan mulut pada penderita Diabetes Mellitus tipe 1
Oral hygiene of Diabetes Mellitus type 1 patients

Dinda Aulia Istiqomah, Janti Rusjanti, Amaliya Amaliya

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Diabetes mellitus adalah penyakit disregulasi metabolisme yang disebabkan oleh defisiensi fungsional aksi insulin dan bermanifestasi pada berbagai organ tubuh termasuk rongga mulut. Diabetes mellitus merupakan modifying factor penyakit periodontal karena dapat memperburuk respon jaringan periodontal terhadap iritasi plak bakteri. Akumulasi plak dapat diukur dari tingkat kebersihan mulut seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi tingkat kebersihan mulut penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 1 di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin, RSUD Ujung Berung dan RS Al Islam Bandung. Metode: Sebanyak 16 penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 1 berusia 16-48 tahun diperiksa kebersihan mulutnya menggunakan Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) dari Greene dan Vermillion (1964). Hasil: Rata-rata skor OHI-S sebesar 1,905, berdasarkan OHI-S, skor tersebut berada dalam kriteria sedang. Simpulan: Kebersihan mulut penderita diabetes mellitus di RSUP Hasan Sadikin, RSUD Ujung Berung dan RS Al Islam tergolong dalam kategori sedang.

Kata kunci: Diabetes mellitus tipe I, kebersihan mulut, Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic dysregulation disease caused by a functional deficiency of insulin action and manifests in various organs including the oral cavity. Diabetes mellitus is a modifying factor for periodontal disease because it can worsen the response of periodontal tissues to bacterial plaque irritation. Plaque accumulation can be measured from the level of one’s oral hygiene. This study aims to evaluate the level of oral hygiene of type 1 diabetes mellitus patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Ujung Berung Hospital, and Al Islam Hospital Bandung. Methods: 16 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus aged 16-48 years were examined for oral hygiene using the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) from Greene and Vermillion (1964). Result: The average OHI-S score is 1.905, based on OHI-S, the score is in the medium criteria. Conclusion: Oral hygiene of diabetes mellitus patients at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Ujung Berung Regional Hospital, and Al Islam Hospital is classified as moderate.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus type 1, oral hygiene, Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified

Keywords

Diabetes mellitus tipe I, kebersihan mulut, Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified, Diabetes mellitus type I, oral hygiene, Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang 36 Tahun 2009. [Diakses 6 Okt 2015]. Tersedia pada: http://ilo.org/natlex/../IDN91185%20IDN.pdf.

Pintauli S, Hamada T. Menuju gigi dan mulut sehat pencegahan dan pemeliharaan. Medan: USU Press. 2008. h. 4-18.

Oral Health surveys, Basic Methods, World Health Organization (WHO). 4th ed. New Delhi: AITBS Publishers; 1999. h. 26–30

Guariguata L, Whiting DR, Hambleton I, Beagley J, Linnenkamp U, Shaw JE. Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014 Feb;103(2):137-49. Doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.11.002. Epub 2013 Dec 1.

Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesiao. Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013. h. 110–9.

Newman MG, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Carranza’s clinical periodontology. 12th ed. Missouri: Saunders Elsevier. 2015. h. 116-9, 138-45, 141-2, 186-9, 199, 211.

Lindhe J, Lang NP, Karring T. Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry. 5th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 2008. h. 183-7, 197-203, 307-11.

Glick M, Feagans WM. Burket’s oral medicine. 12th ed. Connecticut: People’s Medical Publishing House. 2015. h. 567-80. 583.

Tervonen T, Lamminsalo S, Hiltunen L, Raunio T, Knuuttila M. Resolution of periodontal inflammation does not guarantee improved glycemic control in type 1 diabetic subjects. J Clin Periodontol. 2009;36:51–7.

Siudikiene J, Maciulskiene V, Dobrovolskiene R, Nedzelskiene I. Oral hygiene in children with type I diabetes mellitus. Stomatologija 2005;7(1):24-7.

Swarjana IK. Metodologi penelitian kesehatan. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset. 2012. h. 51-2.

Sugiyono. Statistika untuk penelitian. Bandung: Alfabeta. 2011. h. 67.

Hiremath SS. Textbook of preventive and community dentistry. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Elsevier. 2011. h. 204-5.

Siudikiene J, Maciulskiene V, Nyvad B, Tenovuo J, Nedzelskiene I. Dental caries increments and related factors in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Caries Res 2008;42:354-62.

Ruiz DR, Romito GA, Dib SA. Periodontal disease in gestational and type 1 diabetes mellitus pregnant women. Oral Diseases 2011;17:515-21.

Gujjar KR, Khadija H, Suleiman MO, Amith HV. Gingival health status of 2- to 15-year-old Benghazi children with type-I diabetes mellitus. J Dentis Child 2011;78(2):96-101.

Christnovisa, Rusminah N, Hendiani I. Gambaran kebersihan mulut dan kondisi gusi penderita diabetes mellitus Tipe 1 di RSUP Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Skripsi. 2008.

Silvestre F, Miralles L, Llambés F, Bautista D, Sola-Izquierdo E, Hernandez-Mijares A. Type I diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease: Relationship to different clinical variables. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009;14(4):175-9.

Miko S, Ambrus SJ, Sahafi S, Dinya E, Tamas G, Albrecht MG. Dental caries and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. British Dent J 2010;208(12):1-4.

Schiffner U, Bahr M, Effenberger S. Plaque and gingivitis in the elderly: a randomized, single-blind clinical trial on the outcome of intensified mechanical or antibacterial oral hygiene measures. J Clin Periodont 2007;34(12):1068-73.

Basuni C, Putri DKT. Gambaran indeks kebersihan mulut berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan masyarakat di Desa Gunung Ujung Kabupaten Banjar. Dentino J Ked Gigi. 2014;II(1):18-23.

Firona E. Hubungan tingkat penghasilan orang tua dengan kondisi kebersihan gigi dan mulut murid kelas 4 sd di kecamatan ngamprah kabupaten Bandung. Bandung: Universitas Padjadjaran. Skripsi. 2006. h. 27.

Sintawati FX, Tjahja I. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kebersihan gigi dan mulut masyarakat DKI Jakarta tahun 2007. J Ekol Kes 2007;8(1):860-73.

Sohn H A, Rowe DJ. Oral Health Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors of Parents of Children with Diabetes Compared to Those of Parents of Children without Diabetes. J Dent Hyg. 2015 Jun;89(3):170-9.

Bowyer V, Sutcliffe P, Ireland R, Lindenmeyer A, Gadsby R, Graveney M dkk. Oral health awareness in adult patients with diabetes: A questionnaire study. Brit Dent J 2011;211(12):1-5.

El-Tekeya M, EI Tantawi M, Fetouh H, Mowafy E, Nashwa AK. Caries risk indicators in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in relation to metabolic control. Ped Dentis 2012;34(7):510-6.

Kanjirath PP, Kim SE, Inglehart MR. 2011. Diabetes and oral health: the importance of oral health-related behavior. J Dent Hyg 2011;85(4):264-72.

Wolf HF, Rateitschak EM, Rateitschak KH, Hassel TM. Color atlas of dental medicine periodontology. 3th ed. New York: Thieme. 2005. h. 26, 216.

Novotna M, Podzimek S, Broukal Z, Lencova E, Duskova J. Periodontal disease and dental caries in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Mediators of Inflamation. 2015. h. 1-8.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jkg.v29i1.18603