Pengaruh pola minum air susu ibu terhadap terjadinya early childhood caries pada anak di bawah usia lima tahun  Effect of breast milk consumption patterns on the occurrence of early childhood caries in children under five years of age

Susi Susi; Rahmi Khairani Aulia; Murniwati Murniwati; Minarni Minarni

doi:10.24198/jkg.v32i3.23764

Pengaruh pola minum air susu ibu terhadap terjadinya early childhood caries pada anak di bawah usia lima tahun
Effect of breast milk consumption patterns on the occurrence of early childhood caries in children under five years of age

Susi Susi, Rahmi Khairani Aulia, Murniwati Murniwati, Minarni Minarni

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Early childhood caries (ECC) merupakan karies yang mengenai gigi sulung pada anak-anak dibawah usia 71 bulan. Pemerintah Indonesia menargetkan anak dibawah usia 12 tahun bebas karies pada tahun 2030. Tahun 2017 prevalensi ECC pada anak usia 2-3 tahun di Bukittinggi adalah 51.5%.Hal ini masih sangat jauh dari target pemerintah Indonesia. Pola minum susu dan pola makan merupakan faktor resiko karies. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis hubungan antara pola minum susu dengan early childhood caries. Metode: Jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan cross-sectional study di Posyandu Bukittinggi. Subyek dipilih secara multistage random sampling sebanyak 146 pasang ibu dan anak dengan rentang umur 2 sampai 5 tahun. Pola minum susu diobservasi menggunakan kuesioner pada ibu sedangkan ECC diperiksa secara visual. Data dikumpulkan dan dianalisa dengan chi square test dengan nilai kepercayaan 95%. Data diambil oleh enam orang dokter gigi muda pada Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Andalas yang telah dikalibrasi sebelumnya. Data dianalisis menggunakan chi-square test. Hasil: Prevalensi ECC di Bukittinggi adalah 101 (69,2%) dengan indeks def-t rata-rata 3,00 ± SD 4,02 pada 95% CI (3,23 – 4,54). Sampel dengan ASI ekslusif 74 (50,7%) mempunyai indeks def-t lebih rendah dibanding non-ekslusif (3,70 vs. 4,07) dengan nilai p=0,678. Sampel dengan ASI dan makanan pendamping 68 (46,6%) mempunyai indeks def-t lebih rendah dibanding non ASI dan MP (3,51 vs. 4,21) dengan p=0,787. Simpulan: Secara statitik tidak terdapat pengaruh pola minum air susu ibu terhadap terjadinya early childhood caries pada anak di bawah usia lima tahun, namun kejadian early childhood caries lebih rendah pada pemberian ASI ekslusif dibandingkan dengan ASI non ekslusif.

Kata kunci: ASI, early childhood caries, indeks def-t, makanan pendamping, prevalensi.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Early childhood caries (ECC) are caries that affect primary teeth in children under 71 months of age. The Indonesian government is targeting children under 12 years of age to be free from caries by 2030. In 2017, ECC prevalence in children aged 2-3 years in Bukittinggi was 51.5%. This data is still very far from the target of the Indonesian government. The pattern of milk consumption and dietary habit are caries risk factors. This research aimed to analyse the relationship between breast milk consumption pattern and early childhood caries. Methods: This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional study at Bukittinggi Integrated Healthcare Centre (Posyandu). The subjects were selected by multistage random sampling, which obtained as many as 146 pairs of mothers and children aged 2 to 5 years. The breast milk consumption pattern was observed using a mother’s questionnaire while the ECC was examined visually. Data were collected and analysed using the chi-square test with a confidence value of 95%. Six young dentists took the data at the Faculty of Dentistry Andalas University who had been calibrated before. Data were analysed using the chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of ECC in Bukittinggi was 101 (69.2%) with the def-t index mean of 3.00 ± SD 4.02 at 95% CI (3.23 - 4.54). Samples with exclusive breastfeeding 74 (50.7%) had a lower def-t index than non-exclusive (3.70 vs 4.07) with the p-value=0.678. Samples with breast milk and complementary foods was 68 (46.6%), which showed a lower def-t index than non-breast milk and complementary food (3.51 vs 4.21) with p=0.787. Conclusion: Statistically, there is no effect of the pattern of breast milk consumption on the occurrence of early childhood caries in children under the age of five years, however, the incidence of early childhood caries is lower in exclusive breastfeed-ing children compared to non-exclusive breastfeeding.

Keywords: Breast milk, early childhood caries, def-t index, complementary food, prevalence.

Keywords

ASI; early childhood caries; indeks def-t; makanan pendamping; prevalensi; breast milk; def-t index; complementary food; prevalence

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/jkg.v32i3.23764